[20], While some scholars theorize that Muslim castes are not as acute in their discrimination as that among Hindus,[20][286] Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar argued otherwise, arguing the social evils in Muslim society were "worse than those seen in Hindu society". The Muslims professing Islam are in majority in Lakshadweep and Jammu & Kashmir. James, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924. [136] However, as per an estimation of one reputed Shia NGO Alimaan Trust, India's Shia population in early 2000 was around 30million with Sayyids comprising just a tenth of the Shia population. Guru ji was the first to defeat the Mughal empire in a battle which had taken place in present Sri Hargobindpur in Gurdaspur[268] After this point the Sikhs were forced to organise themselves militarily for their protection. Elliot, Sir H. M., Edited by Dowson, John. Surveys indicate that Muslims in India have been relatively less willing to adopt family planning measures and that Muslim women have a larger fertility period since they get married at a much younger age compared to Hindu women. No large population movements were contemplated; the plan called for safeguards for minorities on both sides of the new border. During the reign of the next emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur (17481754), there was nominal control over the nobles who acted on their own. In spite of the fact that there have been relatively fewer conflicts between Muslims and Christians in India in comparison to those between Muslims and Hindus, or Muslims and Sikhs, the relationship between Muslims and Christians has also been occasionally turbulent. The region is believed to be the place where Arjuna took up the difficult task of piercing the eye of a fish, rotating at the end of a pole, by looking at its reflection in the pond water, to marry Draupadi. [175], Shrimad Rajchandra Vachnamrut and Shri Atma Siddhi Shastra, written in 19th century by Jain philosopher and poet Shrimad Rajchandra (Mahatma Gandhi's guru) are very well known.[176][177]. 145-50, (April 1955). D' Zoeb appointed Maulai Yaqoob (after the death of Maulai Abdullah), who was the second Wal al-Hind of the Fatimid dawat. The Chandrasan project is projected to save 9million litres of water per year. [57] Among the illustrious names who arrived during the reign of Mahmud Begada was the philosopher Haibatullah Shah Mir from Shiraz, and the scholar intellectual Abu Fazl Ghazaruni from Persia[58][59] who tutored and adopted Abu'l-Fazl ibn Mubarak, author of the Akbarnama. Some of the best known film directors of Indian cinema include Mehboob Khan, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, Kamal Amrohi, K. Asif and the AbbasMustan duo. In 1995 alone, the two states had more registered co-operatives than any other region in the country. [94], 17th-century French explorer Franois Pyrard de Laval, who is remembered for his 10-year sojourn in South Asia, bears witness in his account that the Gujaratis were always prepared to learn workmanship from the Portuguese, and in turn imparted skills to the Portuguese:[95]. The Dwarakadheesh Temple, Radha Damodar Temple, Junagadh and Dakor are holy pilgrimage sites with temples dedicated to Lord Krishna. History Early history. A total of 561 Classical Harappan (26001900 BCE) and Sorath Harappan (26001700 BCE) sites are reported in Gujarat. Writers like Aanand Shankar Dhruv, Ashvini Bhatt, Balwantray Thakore, Bhaven Kachhi, Bhagwatikumar Sharma, Chandrakant Bakshi, Gunvant Shah, Harindra Dave, Harkisan Mehta, Jay Vasavada, Jyotindra Dave, Kanti Bhatt, Kavi Nanalal, Khabardar, Sundaram, Makarand Dave, Ramesh Parekh, Suresh Dalal, Tarak Mehta, Vinod Bhatt, Dhruv Bhatt and Varsha Adalja have influenced Gujarati thinkers. The above laws are also not applicable to Muslims throughout India who had civil marriages under the Special Marriage Act, 1954. [149], Sufis (Islamic mystics) played an important role in the spread of Islam in India. [40] In Malabar, the Mappilas may have been the first community to convert to Islam. They can broadly be defined into four regions.[128]. Karna of the Vaghela dynasty was the last Hindu ruler of Gujarat. The Government of Gujarat has banned alcohol since 1960. [38][39], In the early 8th century, the Arabs of the Umayyad Caliphate established an empire in the name of the rising religion of Islam, which stretched from Spain in the west to Afghanistan and modern-day Pakistan in the east. Prasar Bharati under Information and Broadcasting Ministry is operating Radio Studio. The militants struck when the villagers refused demands from the gunmen to convert to Islam and prove their conversion by eating beef. [160], The strengths of Gujarat's agricultural success have been attributed to diversified crops and cropping patters; climatic diversity (8 climatic zones for agriculture); the existence of 4 agricultural universities in the state, which promote research in agricultural efficiency and sustainability;[161] co-operatives; adoption of hi-tech agriculture such as tissue culture, green houses and shed-net houses; agriculture export zones; strong marketing infrastructure, which includes cold storage, processing units, logistic hubs and consultancy facilities. [81] Spearheaded by Khoja, Bohra, Bhatiya shahbandars and Moorish nakhudas who dominated sea navigation and shipping, Gujarat's transactions with the outside world had created the legacy of an international transoceanic empire which had a vast commercial network of permanent agents stationed at all the great port cities across the Indian Ocean. Commissariat 1957, Volume II, p. 9-10, 48. Recently, in 2012, Gujarat began an experiment to reduce water loss due to evaporation in canals and to increase sustainability in the area by constructing solar panels over the canals. [31] According to Kerala Muslim tradition, the Masjid Zeenath Baksh at Mangalore is one of the oldest mosques in the Indian subcontinent. One megawatt (MW) solar power project set up at Chandrasan, Gujarat uses solar panels fixed over a 750-metre stretch of an irrigation canal. Prime Minister Modi is scheduled to visit the Mangarh Dham in Rajasthan's Banswara district on November 1. the only Indian state with a Muslim majority, a Christian convert and missionary named Bashir Tantray was killed, allegedly by militant Islamists in 2006. Gujarat was a major center of Indian Ocean trade, and their capital at Anhilwara (Patan) was one of the largest cities in India, with a population estimated at 100,000 in the year 1000. Girnar is the tallest peak and Saputara is the only hill-station (hilltop resort) in the state. The newly formed governments were completely unequipped to deal with migrations of such staggering magnitude, and massive violence and slaughter occurred on both sides of the border. The walk from the bus station to the temple is less than one kilometre, under a roofed walkway. 'Such open and brazen violation is not only against the protected right under Article 21, but against the whole constitutional spirit of a civilised society,' it further stated. Your Reason has been Reported to the admin. [270] The decline of Mughal power during the 17th and 18th centuries, along with the growing strength of the Sikh Empire, resulted in a balance of power which protected the Sikhs from more violence. There is much historical evidence to show that Arabs and Muslims interacted with Indians from the very early days of Islam or even before the arrival of Islam in Arab regions. In 1910 Population of Maharashtra was 1.9 Crore & Year 2021 its estimated to be 12.44 Crore, an increase of almost 8 Crores. [citation needed], According to a 2012 survey report of the Chandigarh Labour Bureau, Gujarat had the lowest unemployment rate of 1% against the national average of 3.8%. The practices of these new rulers and their subsequent heirs (some of whom were born to Hindu wives) varied considerably. In the garb of helping the Marathas, the British helped themselves, and gradually the Marathas' power came to an end, in 1819 in Gujarat. [211], Statue of Mahatma Gandhi in Sabarmati Ashram, Ahmedabad, There are three international airports (Ahmedabad and Surat,Vadodara), nine domestic airports (Bhavnagar, Bhuj, Jamnagar, Kandla, Porbandar, Rajkot, , Amreli, Keshod), two private airports (Mundra, Mithapur) and three military bases (Bhuj, Jamnagar, Naliya) in Gujarat. "I hope that Prime Minister Narendra Modi will declare Mangarh Dham as a national monument during his visit to Mangarh Dham on 1st November," Ashok Gehlot tweeted in Hindi. This tradition was followed by other Gujaratis. Muslim community of entire Gujarat feels, that there are 182 seats and 10 percent population of Muslim community. They traditionally involved in agriculture , pastoral and nomadic activities form a large homogeneous group. The eastern borders have fringes of low mountains of India, the Aravalli, Sahyadri (Western Ghats), Vindhya and Saputara. The few sites associated with Malwa Ware and Jorwe Ware are also found. Many local rulers, notably the Maratha Gaekwad Maharajas of Baroda (Vadodara), made a separate peace with the British and acknowledged British sovereignty in return for retaining local self-rule. It is bordered by Rajasthan to the northeast, Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu to the south, Maharashtra to the southeast, Madhya Pradesh to the east, and the Arabian Sea and the Pakistani province of Sindh to the west. Allegations of abuse of power, corruption and poor administration; as well as a loss of BJP seats in by-elections and mismanagement of relief works during the aftermath of the 2001 Bhuj earthquake; prompted the BJP's national leadership to seek a new candidate for the office of chief minister. The sex ratio of the state is 961 females per thousand males, higher than the national ratio 940. In the 1600s, the Dutch, French, English and Portuguese all established bases along the western coast of the region. India is home to 10.9% of the world's Muslim population. [75] Indeed, when the British arrived on the coast of Gujarat, houses in Surat already had windows of Venetian glass imported from Constantinople through the Ottoman empire. Secularism in India is being seen by some as a favour to the Muslims, and not an imperative for democracy. The reason is that the majority of its inhabitants are foreign merchants, who continually build their beautiful houses and wonderful mosques an achievement in which they endeavor to surpass each other. Gujarat AAP leader Indranil Rajguru after rejoining Congress, says 'Huge amount of money reaches AAP office' Views: 143. He served until 1963. [210] Gujarat government collected the Best State Award for 'Citizen Security' by IBN7 Diamond States on 24 December 2012. After this victory the Arab invaders were driven out of Gujarat. Total 59 of these sites are excavated while others are studied from artifacts. BJP was split as Rashtriya Janata Party was formed by Vaghela who became the Chief Minister by support of INC. Gujarat produces about 98% of India's required amount of soda ash, and gives the country about 78% of the national requirement of salt. It released a draft on 23 June 2014, 'Muslim Marriage and Divorce Act', recommending that polygamy be made illegal in the Muslim Personal Law of India. Weather-beaten rock at Junagadh gives a glimpse of the Ruler Rudradaman I (100 CE) of the Saka satraps known as Western Satraps, or Kshatraps. Gujarat was a major center of Indian Ocean trade, and their capital at Anhilwara (Patan) was one of the largest cities in India, with population estimated at 100,000 in the year 1000. What is now Gujarat comprised two provinces, narta (northern mainland Gujarat and northern Kathiawar), and Surra (southern Kathiawar). Total population; 27.8 million (2.3%) (2011) surrounding districts and at least 25 villages had reported incidents of burning and damages to prayer halls all over Gujarat. The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda, Vadodara, is a premier university of Gujarat. Memoni is the mother tongue of Kathiawar and Sindhi Memons, most whom are Muslims. This would be a "true" tribute to Govind Guru, Gehlot had said. They were then taken towards an electric pole and held against it by a policeman who pulled their hands. [146][147][148], The Khojas are a group of diverse people who converted to Islam in South Asia. Early in the 9th century, Muslim missionaries gained a notable convert in the person of the King of Malabar. Commissariat 1957, Volume II, p. 199-200. Keshubhai Patel became the chief minister of Gujarat in March but resigned eight months later as his colleague Shankersinh Vaghela revolted against him. [9] Recorded annual rainfall has been as low as 21.9 millimetres or 0.86 inches in 1899 yet in 1926 a total of 1,177.1 millimetres or 46.34 inches fell and in the incomplete year of 1959 rainfall exceeded 1,160 millimetres or 45.67 inches, of which 730.6 millimetres or 28.76 inches fell during Bhuj's wettest-ever month of July 1959. Some of other such sites are Hirpura, Derol, Kapadvanj, Langhnaj and Shamlaji. He defeated the Muslim army of Nizam khan and chased them as far as Ahmedabad. Most Shi'as (between 68% and 80%) live in mainly four countries: Iran, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, and Iraq. [61][62][63][64][65], Humayun also briefly occupied the province in 1536, but fled due to the threat Bahadur Shah, the Gujarat king, imposed. This led to the creation of the dominions of Pakistan (that later split into the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the People's Republic of Bangladesh) and India (later Republic of India). [9] The Gujaratis are indigenous to the state and their language, Gujarati, is the state's official language. [88] In 1998, a severe tropical cyclone hit Kandla port and Saurashtra and Kutch regions. After the Second World War, Britain had limited resources,[86] perhaps insufficient to the task of keeping order. Ahammed Koya on 8 December, 1970 Kerala High Court", "On right to freedom of religion and the plight of Ahmadiyas", "Religious violence hastens India's leap into deeper obscurantism", "Kanthapuram selected Grand Mufti of India", "Grand Mufti calls for talks, not war, to resolve Indo-Pak issues", "Grant full membership to India: Kanthapuram to OIC | Kozhikode News", "Global Terrorism Research Centre (GTReC)", "Multicultural India has more mosques than any Muslim country", "Muslim Personal Law (Shariat) Application Act, 1937 Resources for Jurisdictional Research, Yale", "Outlines of Muhammadan Law / FYZEE, A.A.A." Congress continued to govern Gujarat after the state's creation in 1960. After Timur sacked Delhi at the end of the 14th century, weakening the Sultanate, Gujarat's Muslim Khatri governor Zafar Khan Muzaffar (Muzaffar Shah I) asserted his independence, and his son, Sultan Ahmed Shah (ruled 14111442), established Ahmedabad as the capital. Jama Masjid (Friday Mosque, 15th century), Ahmedabad, Gujarati is the official language of the state. Indicating the partys seriousness about the state, where its only electoral win comprises 26 local body seats in 2021, AIMIM president Asaduddin Owaisi has been visiting Gujarat frequently since May. The state was an early point of contact with the west, and the first English commercial outpost in India was in Gujarat. [208][209] Influential Muslim politicians in India include Sheikh Abdullah, Farooq Abdullah and his son Omar Abdullah (former Chief Minister of Jammu and Kashmir), Mufti Mohammad Sayeed, Mehbooba Mufti, Sikander Bakht, A. R. Antulay, Ahmed Patel, C. H. Mohammed Koya, A. Little Steps Montessori School is the first Montessori School in Kutch established in the year 2000 by the royal family of Tera-Kutch. Congress lost elections which won only 75 seats. (the remainder comprised mostly of Arab Christians), while Arab Muslims comprise only 20 percent of the global Muslim population. The university has 41 colleges affiliated, nineteen of which are in Bhuj. The very minor increased frequency however, does place these Shias, solely with regards to their haplogroups, closer to Iraqis, Turks and Palestinians. On 12 March 1930 he vowed that he would not return to the Ashram until India won independence.[201]. Many parts of Bhuj were demolished due to the extensive damage, whilst others were repaired. [117] In 2019, Vadodara was flooded[118] while there was a fire in a commercial complex at Surat causing death of 22 children. The density of population is 350 persons per square kilometre. A sizeable proportion of Gujarati Muslims are bilingual in the two languages; Islamic academic institutions (Darul Uloom) place a high prestige on learning Urdu and Arabic, with students' memorising the Quran and ahadith, and emphasising the oral and literary importance of mastering these languages as a compulsory rite of religion. The Muslims professing Islam are in majority in Lakshadweep and Jammu & Kashmir. [206] Palitana is the world's only mountain with more than 900 temples. Thus, Pakistan's Independence Day is celebrated on 14 August and India's on 15 August. Cooperative farming has been a component of India's strategy for agricultural development since 1951. After this victory, the Arab invaders were driven out of Gujarat. Undhiyu, a special dish made of various vegetables, is a must-have of Gujarati people on Makar Sankranti. Several sites of stone age are discovered in riverbeds of Sabarmati, Mahi river and lower Narmada rivers of Gujarat. K. S. School of Business Management is also an MBA college in Gujarat University providing a five-year integrated MBA course. [135] Reliance Industries operates the oil refinery at Jamnagar, which is the world's largest grass-roots refinery at a single location. The Maitrakas of Vallabhi became very powerful with their rule prevailing over large parts of Gujarat and adjoining Malwa. The Upper Paleolithic period sites from Visadi, Panchmahals, Bhamaria, Kantali, Palanpur and Vavri are also explored. Balwantrai Mehta succeed him. Muslims are the biggest minority in the state accounting for 9.7% of the population. [120] In 2020, the industrial explosions at Dahej and Ahmedabad resulted in five and twelve deaths respectively. They were very successful in spreading Islam, as many aspects of Sufi belief systems and practices had their parallels in Indian philosophical literature, in particular nonviolence and monism. [280], India is home to many eminent Muslims who have made their mark in numerous fields and have played a constructive role in India's economic rise and cultural influence across the world. From 1818 to 1947, most of present-day Gujarat, including Kathiawar, Kutch, and northern and eastern Gujarat were divided into hundreds of princely states, but several districts in central and southern Gujarat were ruled directly by British officials. The Roma people have a number of distinct populations, the largest being the Roma who reached Anatolia and the Balkans about the early 12th century from a migration out of northwestern India beginning about 600 years earlier. BJP returned to power led by Patel in 1998 assembly elections and he became the chief minister again. India is the second most populated country in the world with a sixth of the world's population.According to official estimates, India's population stood at 1.38 billion. [218] Hindus who converted to Islam were not immune to persecution due to the Muslim Caste System in India established by Ziauddin al-Barani in the Fatawa-i Jahandari,[20] where they were regarded as an "Ajlaf" caste and subjected to discrimination by the "Ashraf" castes. [37] It is believed that Malik Dinar died at Thalangara in Kasaragod town.[38]. The Lakhota Museum at Jamnagar is a palace transformed into museum, which was residence of the Jadeja Rajputs. 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