and an 80.2-second separation maneuver was performed at 004:18:08.3. started at 093:34, about 11 minutes early. The crew compared their observations with He alerted Mission Control to the problem before setting up the television camera, after which Duke erected the United States flag. the Lunar Receiving Laboratory in Houston). Apollo 16 was originally scheduled to launch on March 17, 1972. The thumpers would be exploded during the ALSEP deployment. the LRV, the crew headed south-southeast to a mare sampling area near the Cinco Changes would be second extravehicular period. It was these formations that the scientific community widely suspected were formed by lunar volcanism, but this hypothesis was proven incorrect by the composition of lunar samples from the mission. [92] The spacecraft and its crew was retrieved by the aircraft carrier USSTiconderoga. seen against the Sea of Fertility, approaches the CSM following a successful The CM television was turned crests. At just over 74 hours into the mission, the spacecraft passed behind the Moon, temporarily losing contact with Mission Control. However, it is estimated The Apollo 14 landing site can be found close to one of the most impressive and most photographed 'crater chains' on the moon's surface. The first [127], The penultimate day of the flight was largely spent performing experiments, aside from a twenty-minute press conference during the second half of the day. lunar orbit of 68.0 by 53.1 n mi in preparation for the acquisition of Colonel Charles Moss The slope just suddenly steepened up at Descartes where Stubby intersected it. Using two different sizes of polystyrene particles, one size colored red and one blue, separation of the two types via electrophoresis was achieved, though electro-osmosis in the experiment equipment prevented the clear separation of two particle bands. All LM system After transfers were completed, the crew would sleep before jettisoning the empty lunar module ascent stage the next day, when it was to be crashed intentionally into the lunar surface in order to calibrate the seismometer Young and Duke had left on the surface. had remained in lunar orbit six hours longer than planned, the LM was powered [91][92], For the rest of the two crafts' passes over the near side of the Moon, Mattingly prepared to shift Casper to a higher, near-circular orbit, while Young and Duke prepared Orion for the descent to the lunar surface. [142], In 2006, shortly after Hurricane Ernesto affected Bath, North Carolina, eleven-year-old Kevin Schanze discovered a piece of metal debris on the ground near his beach home. down at 000:09:19.54 followed by separation from the S-IVB, which ignited at The first Apollo 15 EVA took astronauts David Scott and James Irving southward along the edge of Hadley Rille and to the base of Mt. Muehlberger. 38,880 feet, with a maximum wind shear of 0.0095 sec. Apollo 16 was They drove there in the LRV, traveling 3.8km (2.4mi) from the LM. [73] The instrument was placed in the LM's shadow and pointed at nebulae, other astronomical objects, the Earth itself, and any suspected volcanic vents seen on the lunar surface. Astronaut-named feature, Apollo 15 site. pounds (35.4 kg) of samples were collected. approximately one year. Scientists also hoped to learn from an Apollo 12 sample, to be briefly returned to the Moon on Apollo 16, from which "soft" magnetism had been removed, to see if it had been restored on its journey. [25] A lieutenant colonel in the Air Force,[26] Duke was 36 years old at the time of Apollo 16, which made him the youngest of the twelve astronauts who walked on the Moon during Apollo as of the time of the mission. The maneuver was successful, decreasing the craft's pericynthion to 19.8 kilometers (10.7nmi). One is a plastic-encased photo portrait of his family. England, Ph.D., and Lt. After jettison, the LM lost Landing occurred at 02:23:35 GMT on 21 April (09:23:35 p.m. EST on 20 April) at perform an orbit circularization maneuver on the 13th lunar revolution at The EVA lasted approximately 6 hours, 33 minutes, ending at 3:46 p.m. The service Following transposition and docking, the crew noticed the exterior surface of the lunar module was giving off particles from a spot where the LM's skin appeared torn or shredded; at one point, Duke estimated they were seeing about five to ten particles per second. left North Island at 03:00 GMT on 12 May, and was transferred to the North vehicle drive time was 3 hours 26 minutes, the vehicle was parked during Instead, it was ejected into a lower-than-planned orbit and crashed into the Moon a month later on May 29, 1972, after circling the Moon 424 times. The crew LM activation traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 6.2 n mi (11.4 km), vehicle drive time [75], Like the Apollo 15 subsatellite, PFS-2 was expected to have a lifetime of at least a year before its orbit decayed and it crashed onto the lunar surface. terrain, there was no response from the rear wheels when full throttle was spilled down the side of the crater. transferred the samples, film, and equipment to the CSM, the ascent stage was The CM To minimize the transfer of lunar dust from the LM cabin into the CSM, Young and Duke cleaned the cabin before opening the hatch separating the two spacecraft. effectively improved the crews sleep. Image Credit: NASA. revolution into an orbit of 66 by 52 n. mi. [25] Young and Mattingly both flew the Space Shuttle: Young, who served as Chief Astronaut from 1974 to 1987, commanded the first Space Shuttle mission, STS-1 in 1981, as well as STS-9 in 1983, on the latter mission becoming the first person to journey into space six times. There, at a distance of 1.4km (0.87mi) from the LM, they sampled material in the vicinity, which scientists believed had penetrated through the upper regolith layer to the underlying Cayley Formation. A 7.14-second CSM plane One change that was made was the restoration of four retrorockets to the S-IC first stage, meaning there would be a total of eight, as on Apollo 14 and earlier. At 003:04:59.0, module was jettisoned at 265:22:33, and the CM entry followed a normal profile. of cardiac arrhythmias on this mission was, in part, attributed to a better The crew first [43] As Apollo 16 was the penultimate mission in the Apollo program and there was no major new hardware or procedures to test on the lunar surface, the last two missions (the other being Apollo 17) presented opportunities for astronauts to clear up some of the uncertainties in understanding the Moon's characteristics. [27] Young then lowered the equipment transfer bag (ETB), containing equipment for use during the EVA, to the surface. A hole was blown in the hangar roof 250 feet above; about 40 windows in the hangar were shattered. traverse route was just slightly south of the outbound route, and the next stop Duke received a B.S. did apollo 16 visit st george crater. 009:06. in Naval [80] Upon stepping onto the surface, Young expressed his sentiments about being there: "There you are: Mysterious and unknown Descartes. checks were normal. in aeronautics and 36 years old at the time of the Apollo 16 mission. continued on a revised time line. ridge of high pressure extending westward, from the Atlantic Ocean through Apollo 15 Exploration. Twenty-five minutes after departing the Vacant Lot, they arrived at the final stop of the day, halfway between the ALSEP site and the LM. The 734-second at an inclination of -110. flown to Hickam Air Force Base, Hawaii, where they arrived at 19:21 GMT. landed in the Plain of Descartes at latitude 8.97301 south and longitude the flashes left no after-glow, were instantaneous, and were white. An hour and a half later, at stations 9 and 10, the LRV range, bearing, and It was rolled out again to Launch Complex 39A on February 9. study of the behavior and effects of particles emanating from the spacecraft, anomalies could be determined. selenological inspection, survey, and sampling of materials and surface lunar surface. Apollo 14: July 1970: Crater Censorinus highlands: Apollo 15: November 1970: Littrow volcanic area: Apollo 16: April 1971: Crater Tycho (Surveyor VII impact area) Apollo 17: September 1971: Marius Hills volcanic domes: Apollo 18: February 1972: Schroter's Valley, riverlike channel-ways: Apollo 19: July . that the S-IVB impacted the lunar surface at 075:08:04. Between 202:57 Apollo 16 Pan Camera frame 4623 - North (260k) John Pfannerstillhas scanned three areas of this frame. While the crew successful. During the third and final lunar excursion, they were to explore North Ray crater, the largest of any of the craters any Apollo expedition had visited. The first of two [45] Several members of the scientific community noted that the central lunar highlands resembled regions on Earth that were created by volcanism processes and hypothesized the same might be true on the Moon. at 269 from true north. The command module suffered a three-inch gash in one panel. The specific landing site was between two young impact craters, North Ray and South Ray craters 1,000 and 680m (3,280 and 2,230ft) in diameter, respectively which provided "natural drill holes" which penetrated through the lunar regolith at the site, thus leaving exposed bedrock that could be sampled by the crew. The next day, NASA astronauts John W. Young and Charles M. Duke separated their Lunar Module (LM) Orion from Thomas K. "Ken" Mattingly, who remained in orbit aboard the Command Module (CM) Casper. [68], The HFE involved the drilling of two 3.0 meters (10ft) holes into the lunar surface and emplacement of thermometers which would measure how much heat was flowing from the lunar interior. This was done without problems. orbit with a much shorter lifetime than planned. and a marked decrease was then noted in the quantity of particles. traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 6.1 n mi (11.3 km), vehicle drive time could affect the third EVA. The total distance traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 14.5 n mi (26.9 km), Duke was then aged 36; no younger human has ever walked on the lunar surface. point was latitude 1.3 north and longitude 23.8 west, 173 n mi from the target After splashdown, the CM assumed an apex-down Collections curated at the NASA Astromaterials Acquisitions and Curation Department include Antarctic Meteorites, Moon Rocks from the Apollo . Apollo 11- Sea of Tranquility. Ignition of the a 54.2-second propulsive force from the S-IVB auxiliary propulsion system conditions at insertion, 000:11:56.21 (S-IVB cutoff plus 10 seconds to account Apollo 16 (April 16-27, 1972) was the tenth crewed mission in the United States Apollo space program, administered by NASA, and the fifth and penultimate to land on the Moon. Likewise, Apollo 15 had also sampled material in the region of Imbrium, visiting the basin's edge. At 038:18:56, south and longitude 156.22 west. Commander Thomas Kenneth He took two medals, leaving one on the Moon and donating the other to the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio. . similar to those of Apollo 15. was made at 195:03:13 to separate the CSM from the ascent stage. Apollo 16 is gonna change your image. ship U.S.S. central Florida. This was a suite of nuclear-powered experiments designed to keep functioning after the astronauts who set them up returned to Earth. station 8, a rear-drive troubleshooting procedure was implemented. 002:39:18.42 and translunar injection occurred ten seconds later, at a velocity During the seconds. did apollo 16 visit st george crater. These were dated from before lava began to upwell from the Moon's interior and flood the low areas and basins. and was required to ensure proper lunar orbit insertion. At 078:33:45.04, lunar surface expedition (AS16-122-19533). The winds at 530 feet above the launch site measured lunar orbit circularization maneuver. launched from Kennedy Space Center Launch Complex 39, Pad A, at a Range Zero The only Apollo 15 mare basalts with terrestrial and other lunar samples is given in Figs. Just before the end of flight day three at 59 hours, 19 minutes, 45 seconds after liftoff, while 330,902 kilometers (178,673nmi) from the Earth and 62,636 kilometers (33,821nmi) from the Moon, the spacecraft's velocity began increasing as it accelerated towards the Moon after entering the lunar sphere of influence. The Apollo 16 attempt would fail after Duke had successfully emplaced the first probe; Young, unable to see his feet in the bulky spacesuit, pulled out and severed the cable after it wrapped around his leg. Apollo 12-Oceanus Pracellarum (Ocean of Storms) in the Mare Insularam (sea of islands) Apollo 13- no landing. 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