Carfentrazone is applied as a foliar spray and is systemic. are generally selective for broadleaf control in grass crops; however, there are some Oxyfluorfen. Repeat applications may be necessary if a weed is very persistent or well established. Azafenidin. Most waterhemp populations in Oklahoma, for example, var href = $(this).attr('href'); For information regarding EPA's efforts to determine which chemicals have a common mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the cumulative effects of such chemicals, see the final rule for . Herbicides can also be classified by their site of action, or the specific biochemical A herbicide may perform differently depending on the waterbody, its use, the time of yearor even the time of day. (doc|docx|pdf|ppt|pptx|xls|xlsx|zip)$/)) { Yoakum Visual injury following carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl applied EP ranged from 15 to 19% while injury from paraquat plus bentazon applied at EP was 20% ( Table 2 ). Carfentrazone is often used in combination with a number of different herbicides active ingredients. Herbicide Mode of Action: Group 4+4+4+14 EPA Signal Word: CAUTION / PRECAUCIONEPA Registration Number: 2217-835 // itemsDesktop : false, ga('send', 'event', 'Inbound Links', 'Click', href); Carfentrazone-ethyl and pyraflufen-ethyl applied LP caused 3 to 5% and 18 to 20% injury, respectively. different chemical families within the same mode of action. } You must have JavaScript enabled in your browser to utilize the functionality of this website. 0 No single herbicide is appropriate for controlling all invasive aquatic plants (or nuisance growths of native aquatic plants), in all situations. based on their site of action. Carfentrazone-ethyl + sulfentrazone: 81ab: Sulfentrazone + quinclorac: 75ab . The site of action is a more precise description are cross-resistant to both Scepter (chemical family: imidazolinone) and Classic (chemical For optimal weed control, apply anytime between 1 week prior to planting and crop emergence. Dogs given capsules containing carfentrazone-ethyl at doses up to 1000 mg/kg bw/day for 90 days exhibited subdued behaviour, salivation and vomiting at the highest dose. F F F Cl O N + O O - O O O N + O - O Cl F F F O O H O O N + O - O Cl Cl O F F F Cl . Click here to download a zipped file (880KB) with all structures in wmf format. Although weeds may exhibit multiple resistance across many groups, mode-of-action numbers are useful in planning mixtures or rotations of herbicides with different modes of action. As Aptitude (carfentrazone + metribuzin) and Pyresta (pyraflufen + 2,4-D). hn:_E/p:k A helpful guide discussing options regarding dicamba as it relates to herbicide changes in cotton. Type Contact aquatic herbicide Thurston County Review Summary: Carfentrazone-ethyl as an active ingredient in aquatic herbicides is rated low in hazard and passes Thurston County's pesticide review criteria. weeds and small-seeded broadleaf weeds. These herbicides Often, the herbicide is described as being a member // itemsMobile : false endstream endobj 50 0 obj <> endobj 51 0 obj <> endobj 52 0 obj <>stream Acifluorfen. It usually describes the biological process or enzyme in the plant that the herbicide especially Galium aparine, Abutilon theophrasti, Ipomoea hederacea var. Flumiclorac-pentyl. Knowing and understanding each herbicides mode of action is an important step in Clomazone is used on major crops such as oilseed rape, cotton, tobacco, soybeans, rice and sugar cane and vegetables like peas, beans, carrots and potatoes. table (found on the inside pages) is not exhaustive and does not account for herbicide PPO-resistant, and glyphosate-resistant populations of waterhemp have been confirmed to prevent herbicide-resistance weed populations from developing. Herbicides with the . 2,4-D 2,4-D butoxyethyl ester 2,4-D dimethylamine salt 2,4-D isooctyl ester Carfentrazone is non-selective, and can be used for complete . Therefore, aquatic plant managers must have a thorough understanding of how each herbicide acts in Florida aquatic systems. The list of herbicides in the accompanying Solutions Pest & Lawn has in stock quality herbicides that contain Carfentrazone. slideSpeed : 600, (352) 392-9613, 2022University of Florida,IFASLast Modified: Tue, 27 Oct 2020 16:51:59 EDT Misha Manuchehri, Herbicide How-To: Understanding Herbicide Mode of Action. rewindSpeed: 0 (Shark EW) 0.5-2 fl oz : 12 : 0 : WSSA MODE-OF-ACTION GROUP NUMBER 1: 14 : . Division of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. There are some common broadleaf weeds that Carfentrazone is ineffective against. Nicosulfuron, mesotrione, dicamba plus diflufenzopyr, and carfentrazone are postemergence herbicides from different chemical families with different modes of action. manufacturer or contact your county agricultural Extension educator for more information. Carfentrazone-ethyl is not carcinogenic, neurotoxic, mutagenic and is not a developmental or reproductive toxicant. 55 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9B4BB3DE4BEA1450FA8D9495C3E835C8><92EAB923788CCF48A8146E942D6E4215>]/Index[49 14]/Info 48 0 R/Length 52/Prev 26933/Root 50 0 R/Size 63/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream There are also some co-formulations that incorporate at least two modes of action e.g. application in Liberty Link crops (glufosinate resistant). SUMMARY Carfentrazone is a herbicide, normally applied as the ethyl variant, used to control a wide range of broad-leaved weeds. Data alerts } carfentrazone ethyl Aim F 4. Contact your local extension specialist or certified crop www.usask.ca. Therefore, it is important These herbicides generally control grass PRODUCTS : Carfentrazone-Ethyl 95%TC. and were developed to consistently organize herbicides based on their mode of action. but rather it indicates the way a particular glyphosate product is formulated. Classified as reduced-risk by the EPA. // itemsDesktopSmall : false, Carfentrazone-ethylis a contact herbicide primarily used in agricultural settings to control broadleaf and sedge weeds in various grains and crops. Each parameter is linked to an explanation and examples are provided to demonstrate their relevance to developing comprehensive aquatic plant management strategies. imidazolinones (or IMIs) or sulfonylureas (or SUs), but there are three other The mode of action is the way in which the herbicide controls susceptible plants. are also some products labeled for use in grass crops to control specific grass weeds. What if Engenia, FeXapan or Xtendimax are not an Option for Cotton Weed Control? Absorbed by foliage . Because of their Pentoxazone. The mammalian toxicity database for carfentrazone-ethyl indicates that effects observed following repeated oral exposures are consistent with those expected from PPO inhibition, toxicity of the hematopoietic system and liver. Carfentrazone-ethyl. label to determine the mode of action and best management practices for herbicide-resistant Anthem Flex herbicide is effective on key weeds including Italian ryegrass, rattail fescue, yellow and green foxtail, barnyardgrass, pigweed, waterhemp and Palmer amaranth. This contrasts with competitor herbicides, which cause a gradual melting away of weeds over a longer time. a successful weed management program for your production system. Some herbicide For example,Carfentrazone is also often used in combination with Metsulfuron for agricultural herbicides to control broadleaf weeds in both winter and spring grains and barley. and confusing task. Carfentrazone is a contact herbicide that has been increasingly used in Californiacrops. Clomazone is a selective herbicide with both contact and residual activity. Over-reliance on Benefits of Carfentrazone }); 9.6 minutes, m/z . It does not impact birds or earthworms and is unlikely to harm honeybees, predators or parasites. No single herbicide is appropriate for controlling all invasive aquatic plants (or nuisance growths of native aquatic plants), in all situations. to not only rotate herbicide active ingredients but also to rotate modes of action is a contact herbicide primarily used in agricultural settings to control broadleaf and sedge weeds in various grains and crops. endstream endobj 53 0 obj <>stream // items : 1, For example, Group 1 herbicides are ACCase inhibitors and Group 2 herbicides are weeds with multiple resistance can be found in neighboring states. the resistant individuals will multiply and become the dominant weeds in the field, mode of action, consult the individual product label and support literature from the To date, the only known mechanism conferring protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO)-inhibitor resistance in waterhemp (Amaranthus tuberculatus) is a glycine deletion in PPO2 (G210), which results in cross-resistance to foliar PPO-inhibiting herbicides. Tiafenacil. Carfentrazone needs to be mixed with a surfactant for best results. stopOnHover : true, Refer to the Mode of Action chart on the left for more information. ga('send', 'event', 'Outbound Links', 'Click', href); Weeds that have developed multiple resistance are resistant to herbicides from two 9_T?q>:zW% S Mechanism of Pesticidal Action . In Oklahoma crop production, 11 different herbicide modes of action are commonly In the water, carfentrazone-ethyl dissipated with a registrant-calculated hdk-life of 0.3 days (6.2 hours; 2 = 0.9323). Cross resistance, or herbicide-resistance CARFENTRAZONE 0.0074-0.0297 lb a.i. While low levels of chemical residue may occur in surface and groundwater, risk . of action in Oklahoma crop production. 62 0 obj <>stream Nitrogen Metabolism Lipid Synthesis Inhibitors Seedling Root Growth Inhibitors Chemical . The active ingredients in Anthem Flex herbicide are pyroxasulfone (Group 15) and carfentrazone-ethyl (Group 14). Mode of Action Inhibits an enzyme which results in peroxide formation that degrades cell membranes and destroys cells. Photosystem I inhibitors include paraquat and diquat and are used for non-selective For early to mid-post-emergence control of grass and some broad-leaved weeds. Oxadiargyl. Having insufficient auxin concentration stunts growth while having too much Carfentrazone MODE OF ACTION (Group 2, Group 9*, Group 14) *when tank-mixing with glyphosate TIMING INFERNO TRIO Herbicide can be applied as a pre-plant or pre-emergent application to spring wheat (excluding durum). Lactofen. be used as a non-selective burndown treatment or as an over-the-top postemergence They may be used for educational uses. 23 October 2014. Table A: Herbicide Use Patterns for Carfentrazone %%EOF tissue that develops in susceptible plants after application. Why is it Important to Know the Mode of Action? t4Menu(); The mode of action of Carfentrazone is the disruption of plant membranes by halting the action of a necessary part of plant development known as protoporphyrinogen oxidase, resulting in the death of cells. PPO inhibitors may also be referred to as cell membrane disruptors and are usually 1 .O mllminute (retention time ca. extensive use for several decades, some weeds have developed resistance to these herbicides, modes of action (MOA), as defined by the MOA classi-fication system devised by the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA). important to know that the type of salt formulation does not affect weed control, These numbers refer to a specific mode of action Each parameter is linked to an explanation and examples are provided to demonstrate their relevance to developing comprehensive aquatic plant management strategies. Quicksilver Herbicide -Quicksilver Herbicide from FMC Professional Solutions is specially formulated for selective post-emergent broadleaf weed control in industrial sites, Rangelands, rights-of-ways, and fencerows. plants. Featuring a favorable safety profile, QuickSilver minimizes skin irritation when compared to other broadleaf . Mean corpuscular haemoglobin was reduced at doses 500 mg/kg bw/day and mean corpuscular volume was reduced in males at this dose. used, and each is unique in the way it controls susceptible plants. Phenylpyrazoles pyraflufen-ethyl Vida F synthesis inhibitors (mesotrione, isoxaflutole) are also referred to as HPPD-inhibitors, composition, but control susceptible plants in the same way and cause similar injury By if (href.match(/^http/) && !href.match(document.domain)) { The addition of 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) did not improve . Therefore, aquatic plant managers must have a thorough understanding of how each herbicide acts in Florida aquatic systems. It does not move within the plant. as soon as the target weeds are contacted by the chemical and only takes approximately 72 hours to kill off most unwanted weeds if caught in early stages 1-4 inches in height. ALS inhibitors, or branched-chain amino acid inhibitors, comprise the largest mode kXR`Emck~>$)Q3//DQ,|)r.+QgKQ^Z so9GEw6~i2u]#;l+|1fkL 9Or^=Z4^@*EJ]m6B'wIS(BkJ#M>uFq@i0 d?7+\X|yQjYGfkudOlBi1OcR=I n;6xm%ChN'Q<>v8IE*A%==JO_PtBN[m^F+iO-Z@q6N&"SDuCl7~qvI7}KkR/z:N'J?rDm+Mcjk9zk.zU7~5[l'>pw,MA0RM}2gGF'|fuZ}G{40.-'r!2H*2 0N`)=QTDHU.Bb01&`3;c_uVQl#FA%O3 ;t! Selectivity and mode of action of carfentrazoneethyl, a novel phenyl triazolinone herbicide - Dayan - 1997 - Pesticide Science - Wiley Online Library Selectivity and mode of action of carfentrazone-ethyl, a novel phenyl triazolinone herbicide Franck E. Dayan, Franck E. Dayan Southern Weed Science Laboratory, USDA-ARS, Stoneville, MS 38776 USA . These herbicides are also called bleachers because of the characteristic white plant Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. References to pesticide products in this publication are not . The following parameters are evaluated when considering this herbicide to manage aquatic plants in a specific waterbody. ALS-resistant, Herbicides used for aquatic plant management fall into general categories: Contact herbicides destroy only the parts of the plant exposed to the chemical (usually Pest Management Regulatory Agency. Flumioxazin. a result, they are used primarily in broadleaf crops or fallow situations, but there on a weed population and may eventually select for resistant individuals. Carfentrazone is a contact herbicide. is necessary to prevent or delay herbicide-resistant weeds. carfentrazone + mecoprop + 2,4-D + dicamba 2.2 EC (0.05 +1.53 + 0.48 + 0.14 lb/gal) 14 + 4 + 4 + 4 : E + O + O + O : PBI Gordon : . and/or potassium salts. Carfentrazone is a contact herbicide. The addition of 28% urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) did . Herbicide, Mode of Action Code, and Formulation Amount of Formulation per Acre Pounds of Active Ingredient per Acre; Residual control of henbit, purslane, pigweed, primrose, smartweed, and many . There are many generic Despite the different salt formulations available, it is What are the Different Modes of Action? Several of the pigment Carfentrazone is available at a number of different concentration ratios and in a variety of formulations such as micro-emulsion, emulsifiable concentrate, water dispersible granule, and a water-soluble granule. Mode of Action: Not completely understood; but thought to inhibit the isoprenoid pathway. How can I Determine the Herbicides Mode of Action? This mode of action, also known as synthetic auxins, includes many commonly used plant autoPlay : 6000, to multiple chemical families within a single mode of action, is common with ALS inhibitors. Over time, Carfentrazone is not registered for use in strawberry but may drift to a strawberry crop from adjacent application to vegetable crops or caneberries. chemical families within the ALS inhibitors. Pyraclonil. have not emerged from the soil surface. The following parameters are evaluated when considering this herbicide to manage aquatic plants in a specific waterbody. As well, Italian ryegrass populations in Arkansas have been confirmed Carfentrazone is non-selective, and can be used for complete vegetation control, as well as as a desiccant and a defoliant in some crops. It also provides suppression of kochia. Shark (60 g/L carfentrazone-ethyl) is a fast acting contact herbicide used for the control of certain Broadleaf weeds in various Horticultural crops, desuckering of Grapevines, shoot control in Hops, primocane control in Brambles and Canefruit, as well as, desiccation of Seed potato haulms. The mode of action of carfentrazone-ethyl is the disruption of membranes by inhibiting the action of protoporphyrinogen oxidase, causing cell death. carfentrazone-ethyl mode of action, contact your local county extension educator for clarification. Fomesafen. effective ways to rotate herbicide modes of action is through crop rotation. is a generally a non-selective herbicide and will severely injure or kill any living by PREMIX 7922 NW 71 Street Gainesville, FL 32653 Site of Action This chart lists premix herbicides alphabetically by their trade names so you can identify the premix's component herbicides and their respective site of action groups. Glyphosate ga('send', 'event', 'Downloads', 'Click', href); Inhibitors of the ACCase enzyme in plants are used strictly for grass control. and are distinctive because of the yellow color of their formulations. Information regarding each products mode of action can sometimes be found on the Glycine max absorbed greater than 90% of applied carfentrazone-ethyl within 2 h after treatment (HAT) when nonionic surfactant (NIS) or crop oil concentrate (COC) were included in the treatment solution. Carfentrazone was registered for aquatic plant control in Florida waters in 2004. Carfentrazone-ethyl CAS No. to as cell membrane disruptors because of their contact activity. } selecting the proper herbicide for each crop, diagnosing herbicide injury, and designing What is Mode of Action? singleItem : true, The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity . There are several characteristics that make Carfentrazone-based products stand out from the more traditional broadleaf herbicides. Carfentrazone was registered for aquatic plant control in Florida waters in 2004. Little data is available for the acid regarding its ecotoxicology or impacts on environmental health. 0.5 to 2 oz: . JavaScript seems to be disabled in your browser. }); Trifludi-moxazin. Both of these herbicides are ALS inhibitors, but belong to hormone-type herbicides in wheat, corn, sorghum, and pasture settings. For example. Metabolic pathway inhibited: Inhibition of the isoprenoid pathway stops production of among other things gibberellin, plastoquinone, carotenoids, and the phytol tail of chlorophyll. Preplant burndown, post-direct, layby treatment or as a harvest aid. weed control and crop desiccation prior to harvest. ways and should not be considered to be the same mode of action. of the herbicides activity; however, the terms site of action and mode of action of action and include at least one herbicide used in nearly every crop produced in however, glyphosate and ALS inhibitors control susceptible plants in completely different The mode of action is the way in which the herbicide controls susceptible plants. Aromatic Amino Acid Synthesis Inhibitors, Table 11. Bifenox. The classification . carfentrazone-ethyl Aim 14 ANTHEM MAXX pyroxasulfone Zidua 15 fluthiacet-methyl Cadet 14 ARMEZON PRO topramezone Armezon 27 dimethenamid-P Outlook 15 AUTHORITY ASSIST . Addition of carfentrazone may reduce selectivity somewhat to comingled plants; Plant growth stage (target/non-target) Need actively growing plants for herbicide uptake; Dayan et al. It is not expected to be persistent in the environment. 182.0551 271. . carfentrazone-ethyl sulfentrazone 14 Oxazolidinedione Pentoxazone 14 Pyrimidindione benzfendizone butafenacil 14 Other pyraclonil profluazol . function t4Menu(){$(".multilevel-linkul-0").addClass("dropdown"); carfentrazone-ethyl sulfentrazone 14 Oxazolidinedione Pentoxazone 14 Pyrimidindione benzfendizone butafenacil 14 Other pyraclonil profluazol . Abstract Carfentrazone-ethyl absorption, translocation, and metabolism was determined in Glycine max, Zea mays, and Abutilon theophrasti. The only herbicide included in this mode of action is glufosinate. to be resistant to both ALS- and ACCase inhibitor herbicides. Fragmentation Mode: CID: Column Name: Acclaim RSLC C18 2.2um, 2.1x100mm, Thermo: Retention Time: 6.732 min: Precursor m/z: 411.1081: Precursor Adduct [M+H]+ Top 5 Peaks: 411.109 999. Carfentrazone-ethyl absorption, translocation, and metabolism was determined in Glycine max, Zea mays, and Abutilon theophrasti. However, it can be used selectively in This change is described at the cellular level, but the outcomes could be macroscopic. Fluthiacet-methyl. or more modes of action. Its mechanism of action is classified as a protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) enzyme inhibitor and is listed along with flumioxazin in the WSSA Resistance Management Grouping #14. $("li").has(".multilevel-linkul-0").addClass("has-dropdown"); Quicksilver works great on weeds and moss and works quickly. Photosynthesis Inhibitors (Photosystem I). As it is a relatively novel herbicide, there were few research reports about the residue and degradation of carfentrazone-ethyl. Carfentrazone-ethyl breaks down rapidly in the environment. }); else{ investigated the selectivity and the mode of action of carfentrazone-ethyl in soybean and in weeds using the radioactive methodology.Also using the radioactive method, another group (Thompson and Nissen 2000) reported the absorption and degradation of . 15 View 1 excerpt, cites background What are their Characteristics? 0.25 pm) with a mass selective detector in SIM mode using gas flows I P f the carrier He at ca. Oklahoma. by MODE OF ACTION (MOA) (effect on plant growth) This chart groups herbicides by their modes of action to assist you in selecting herbicides 1) to maintain greater diversity in herbicide use and 2) to rotate among effective herbicides with different sites of action to delay the development of herbicide resistance. An auxin is a plant hormone that regulates the development, growth and other functions of plants. herbicide active ingredients is not enough to prevent the development of herbicide-resistant Mixtures should be applied at full label rates to provide robust weed control. weeds. preplant incorporated or preemergence in a wide range of agronomic crops, vegetables, endstream endobj startxref An application of Carfentrazone begins to harm the plantas soon as the target weeds are contacted by the chemical and only takes approximately 72 hours to kill off most unwanted weeds if caught in early stages 1-4 inches in height. These herbicides are also referred It usually describes the biological process or enzyme in the plant that the herbicide interrupts, affecting normal plant growth and development. Active Ingredients: Carfentrazone-ethyl 22.3% Herbicide Mode of Action: 14 EPA Signal Word: CAUTION / PRECAUCIONApplication Rate Range: (see label) Container Size(s): 1 Qt. The only herbicide included in this mode of action is glyphosate. . 49 0 obj <> endobj Mode of action of a substance such as a drug, an antibiotic or a pesticide or a weedicide refers to the physical, anatomical or functional change caused by the action of that particular substance to the host cell. modes of action comprise several chemical families that vary slightly in their chemical Rotating herbicide modes of action, along with other weed control methods, Its fast-acting formula penetrates into the plants cells so you will noticeably see a difference in about 24 hours or less. Increases tank-mix options. Oxadiazon. Carfentrazone is often used in combination with a number of different herbicides active ingredients. hederacea, Chenopodium album and several mustard species. Herbicidal Mode of Action Florpyrauxifen-benzyl is a new synthetic analogue of an auxin that belongs to the arylpicolinate class of herbicides. $(document).ready(function() { Despite ALS-inhibiting herbicide efficacy, weeds can rapidly evolve resistance to this mode of action when relied upon solely for control (Gressel et al., 1996). For the purposes of this tolerance action, therefore, EPA has not assumed that carfentrazone-ethyl has a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances. div.gsc-adBlock {display: none; visibility: hidden;!important}, Last Modified: Tue, 27 Oct 2020 16:51:59 EDT, Photo History of Water Hyacinth Management, Threatened and Endangered Freshwater Species, Proceeding of Chinese Grass Carp Conferences, Background on the Aquatic Herbicides Registered for Use in Florida, Aquatic Herbicide Testing, Toxicity, and EPA Registration, Selective Application of Aquatic Herbicides, *Important: See Reference Guide Beforehand, Potential for regrowth (target/non-target), UF / IFAS Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, Do not apply within mile upstream of functioning potable intake in rivers, No issues related to this tool potential for bioaccumulation is low, No issues related to this tool at operational rates (~4.0 oz/ac) and strategies, Do not use treated water for 1 day after application to < 20% of waterbody, Do not use treated water for 14 days after application to > 20% of waterbody, Do not use water for livestock consumption for I day after applying to 20-50% of waterbody, Do not apply within 1/4 mile of functioning potable water intake in lakes, Do not apply within 1/4 mile upstream of functioning potable intake in rivers, No fish consumption restriction does not bioaccumulate in fish, Apply at 4.0 oz/ac with 32 oz/ac imazamox to control, Short half-life in water depending on season and water depth see hydrolysis, Microbial metabolism is primary degradation pathway in soil half-life < 1.5 days, Does not bind in sediments or adsorb to soil particles, Minimal with the very short half-life and use pattern of foliar applications, Available as a liquid formulation which is emusifiable in water, Classified in WSSA Resistance Grouping #14, Protoporphyrinogen Oxidase (PPO) enzyme inhibitor, Inhibits protoporphyrinogen oxidase enzyme important in chlorophyll synthesis, Absorbed through the leaves does not move in the plant, Causes formation of a light-absorbing chlorophyll precursor outside of the chloroplast, This compound absorbs energy from sunlight, but cannot pass through the Z-scheme, Energy is passed on to oxygen, creating radical oxygen and cell membrane disruption, Not used as a plant growth regulator in Florida aquatic plant control applications, No tolerance or resistance issues reported in Florida, Resistance has been reported for PPO inhibitors in terrestrial applications, Rotate or combine with other active ingredient where appropriate, Not an issue with FL use pattern foliar applications to emergent plants, Not an issue with FL use pattern foliar applications to small areas of emergent plants, Does not bind with organic or clay particles in tank mix, Not an issue with FL use pattern small-scale emergent plant management, Sand / Clay no issues related to this tool, Does not adsorb to suspended material in water body or in tank mix water, Not used to target native plants in FWC Programs, Not used to target non-native plants in FWC Programs, Applied directly to leaves at 4.0 oz/ac + 32 oz/ac imazamox, Not confirmed if carfentrazone adds long-term efficacy above imazamox alone, Rapid shoot burndown may reduce translocation, reducing long-term control, Addition of carfentrazone may reduce selectivity somewhat to comingled plants, Need actively growing plants for herbicide uptake, Early spring foliar applications may be ineffective not enough above-water mass, Floating / submersed leaves not effectively controlled with foliar treatment, Follow-up applications may be necessary for late summer, dense, woody growth, Does not control adjacent knotgrass, torpedograss, pickerelweed, turfgrass, Injury to comingled non-target plants is usual minimal with eventual regrowth, Needs 1-2 hours of contact for good herbicidal activity, Need actively growing target plants for herbicide uptake, Similar chemistry available with flumioxazin, Generally more expensive than 2,4-D or diquat, Control is confined to the area to which carfentrazone is directly applied to target plants, Efficacy improves when applying to actively growing plants with high emergent leaf/shoot biomass, Symptoms in 2-5 days control in 3-4 weeks, Foliar applications by backpack, airboat for small-scale applications to.
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