Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Physics. Higher levels can only be stopped by many centimetres of lead or many metres of concrete. The idea of the atom as the building block of matter has developed over time. The Earth is made up of different layers: The lithosphere is split into tectonic plates. This is so that the energy can pass on to other components in the nuclear reactor, which is used to heat water to drive the turbines that turn the generators. It is not possible to say which particular nucleus will decay next, but given that there are so many of them, it is possible to say that a certain number will decay in a certain time. This can be put to good use as well as being a hazard. The fast moving neutrons carry most of the energy from the reaction with them (99%) but before the neutrons can collide with fresh uranium nuclei, they need to be slowed down. Radioactive decay - AQA. can damage living cells. Learn about and revise the history of the atom and the structure of the atom with GCSE Bitesize Physics. Learn about the properties of radiation, detecting radiation, nuclear equations and background radiation with BBC Bitesize GCSE Physics. Most non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and natural gas.Carbon is the main element in fossil fuels.For this reason, the time period that fossil fuels formed (about 360-300 million years ago) A nucleus will regain stability by emitting alpha or beta particles and then cool down by emitting gamma radiation. Irradiation from radioactive decay can damage living cells. In a nuclear reactor, a neutron is absorbed into a nucleus (typically uranium-235). Every 5,730 years, the mass of carbon-14 halves. Revise. Every 5,730 years, the mass of carbon-14 halves. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Physics. generated by radioactive decay in the core. The crust is the solid rock layer upon which we live. Read about our approach to external linking. GCSE Combined Science Physics (Combined Science) learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers. Note that this second two days does not see the count drop to zero, only that it halves again. This can be put to good use as well as being a hazard. An element with 17 protons will always be chlorine. The process of irradiation does not cause the irradiated object to become radioactive. Where convection currents diverge near the Earth's crust, plates move apart. can damage living cells. It can be stopped (or absorbed) by a human hand. Irradiation from radioactive decay. All types of radioactive decay can be detected by a Geiger-Muller tube, or G-M tube. Every 5.27 years, the mass of cobalt-60 halves. It can be stopped by a thin sheet of aluminium. is the splitting of a large atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei. Demonstrating the movement of the Earth's crust and how tectonic plates interact at plate boundaries. Revise. An element with 17 protons will always be chlorine. is the time taken for half the unstable nuclei in a sample to decay. is absorbed into a nucleus (typically uranium-235). Radiation can be absorbed by substances in its path. Radioactive decay by beta-particle emission confounded the scientific world for a number of years. Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. It takes another two days for the count rate to halve again, this time from 40 to 20. Irradiation for sterilisation GCSE Combined Science Physics (Combined Science) learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers. The entire nucleus splits into two large fragments called ', '. Three subatomic particles have different charges and masses. is the time taken for half the unstable nuclei in a sample to decay. With the wrong number of neutrons, nuclei can fall apart. An unstable nucleus can decay by emitting an alpha particle, a beta particle, or a gamma ray. This can be put to good use as well as being a hazard. The movement of the plates, and the activity inside the Earth, is called the theory of plate tectonics. It is not possible to say which particular nucleus will decay next, but given that there are so many of them, it is possible to say that a certain number will decay in a certain time. So if the half-life is two days, four half-lives is 8 days. This is known as a chain reaction. In 1896, Becquerel noted the emission of energetic radiation from the salts of uranium that had penetrating powers similar to those of X-rays. The crust is the solid rock layer upon which we live. Irradiation from radioactive decay. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Combined Science. A periodic table shows that element number 90 is thorium, \(_{90}^{234}\textrm{Th}\). A nucleus changes into a new element by emitting alpha or beta particles. Students and parents support on-screen assessment but digital illiteracy and access must be tackled Students and parents support on-screen assessment . This is called the half-life. Students and parents support on-screen assessment but digital illiteracy and access must be tackled Students and parents support on-screen assessment . This process continues and although the count rate might get very small, it does not drop to zero completely. The half-life of radioactive carbon-14 is 5,730 years. The background count rate is measured over a period of 20 minutes because of the random nature of radioactive decay. Test. Radioactive sources can be very useful but need handling carefully to ensure safety. This can be put to good use as well as being a hazard. Easy-to-understand homework and revision materials for your GCSE Physics (Single Science) AQA 9-1 studies and exams. Sample exam questions - atomic structure - AQA. Half of 1,200 is 600, half of 600 is 300. Test. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Combined Science. . The activity of cobalt-60 halves. Read about our approach to external linking. Learn about and revise irradiation, contamination and the uses and dangers or radiation with GCSE Bitesize Physics. Radioactive particles decay and release alpha, beta and gamma radiation. \[_{6}^{14}\textrm{C} \rightarrow _{7}^{14}\textrm{N}~+~_{-1}^{~0}\textrm{e}\]. If there are 100 g of cobalt-60 in a sample, how much will be left after 15 years? Video. An alpha particle is the same as a helium-4, Beta decay changes the atomic number by +1 (the nucleus gains a proton) but the mass number remains unchanged (it gains a proton but loses a neutron by ejecting an. Gamma is pure energy and will not change the structure of the nucleus in any way. If a sample of a tree (for example) contains 64 grams (g) of radioactive carbon after 5,730 years it will contain 32 g, after another 5,730 years that will have halved again to 16 g. It should also be possible to state how much of a sample remains or what the activity or count should become after a given length of time. Even small levels can penetrate air, paper or thin metal. This can be put to good use as well as being a hazard. Irradiation from radioactive decay. Sample exam questions - atomic structure - AQA. Three subatomic particles have different charges and masses. In addition to the 'daughter' products, two or three neutrons also explode out of the fission reaction and these can collide with other uranium nuclei to cause further fission reactions. Irradiation can be used to preserve fruit sold in supermarkets by exposing the fruit to a radioactive source - typically cobalt-60. Easy-to-understand homework and revision materials for your GCSE Physics (Single Science) AQA 9-1 studies and exams. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Combined Science. Skinwalker Ranch Uintah Basin, UT. Students and parents strongly support on-screen assessment, but digital illiteracy and digital access must be tackled to ensure it is fair for all students according to a new report commissioned by AQA. Radioactive particles decay and release alpha, beta and gamma radiation - natural and artificial sources of background radiation. It can be stopped (or absorbed) by a human hand. The three types of radiation penetrate materials in different ways. Half-life is the time taken for the radioactivity to reduce by half. The nuclei of atoms contain a large amount of energy. In 1896, Becquerel noted the emission of energetic radiation from the salts of uranium that had penetrating powers similar to those of X-rays. The half-life of cobalt-60 is 5 years. The illustration below shows how a radioactive sample is decaying over time. An unstable nucleus can decay by emitting an alpha particle, a beta particle, or a gamma ray. A third, two day period from four days to six days see the count rate halving again from 20 down to 10. It is a thin layer between 0 - 60 km thick. The crust is the outer layer of the Earth. It is a thin layer between 0 - 60 km thick. Radioactive decay by beta-particle emission confounded the scientific world for a number of years. \[_{86}^{219}\textrm{Rn} \rightarrow _{84}^{215}\textrm{Po} + _{2}^{4}\textrm{He}\]. It is a thin layer between 0 - 60 km thick. Where convection currents converge, plates move towards each other. The crust is the surface of the Earth. The process of irradiation does not cause the irradiated object to become radioactive. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Physics. Heat rising and falling inside the mantle creates. Alpha decay (two protons and two neutrons) changes the mass number of the element by -4 and the atomic number by -2 so the remaining nucleus will be. Irradiation for sterilisation Skinwalker Ranch Uintah Basin, UT. Uranium 238, \(_{92}^{238}\textrm{U}\), emits an alpha particle to become what nucleus? The Earth's structure and plate tectonics. Test. Exposing objects to beams of radiation is called, . A block of radioactive material will contain many trillions of nuclei and not all nuclei are likely to decay at the same time so it is impossible to tell when a particular nucleus will decay. Most non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and natural gas.Carbon is the main element in fossil fuels.For this reason, the time period that fossil fuels formed (about 360-300 million years ago) This is the official website for Skinwalker Ranch and the core team, as seen on History Channels new hit series, The Secret of Skinwalker Ranch.Documentation of current research, past research, and future experiments can be found here, as well as current photos, videos, and happenings on the ranch..UAH scientist (L to R) Dr. Travis Taylor and The ancient Greek philosopher Demokritos (460-370 BCE) thought that matter was made up of millions of tiny, uncuttable pieces of that same matter. Students and parents strongly support on-screen assessment, but digital illiteracy and digital access must be tackled to ensure it is fair for all students according to a new report commissioned by AQA. Test. Sample exam questions - atomic structure - AQA. Scientists cannot tell when a particular nucleus will decay, but they can use statistical methods to tell when half the unstable nuclei in a sample will have decayed. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Combined Science. Revise and learn about nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half life with this BBC Bitesize Combined Science AQA Synergy study guide. It is either, The earth's crust is broken into plates. can be absorbed by substances in its path. This could be stated as a fraction, decimal or ratio. is the time taken for half the unstable nuclei in a sample to decay. is in the centre and is the hottest part of the Earth. The entire nucleus splits into two large fragments called 'daughter nuclei'. Learn about and revise natural hazards and the risks associated with them with GCSE Bitesize Geography (AQA). Irradiation from radioactive decay. People are exposed to sources of radiation in all aspects of everyday life. Links. It is a thin layer between 0 - 60 km thick. The upper part of the mantle is called the. Paper 2: What's assessed. After discovering the electron in 1897, J J Thomson proposed that the atom looked like a plum pudding. of a radioactive isotope. Dividing by 20 enables the average count rate per minute to be determined. Nuclear fission is the splitting of a large atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei. For example, alpha radiation travels only a few centimetres in air, beta radiation travels tens of centimetres in air, and gamma radiation travels very large distances. Count-rate is the number of decays recorded each second by a detector, such as the Geiger-Muller tube. These changes are described using nuclear equations. is pure energy and will not change the structure of the nucleus in any way. Learn about the properties of radiation, detecting radiation, nuclear equations and background radiation with BBC Bitesize GCSE Physics. Learn about and revise natural hazards and the risks associated with them with GCSE Bitesize Geography (AQA). Every 5.27 years, the mass of cobalt-60 halves. The ancient Greek philosopher Demokritos (460-370 BCE) thought that matter was made up of millions of tiny, uncuttable pieces of that same matter. Heat rising and falling inside the mantle creates convection currents generated by radioactive decay in the core. The earth's crust is broken into plates. Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. Revise. is the thickest section of the Earth at approximately 2,900 kilometres. Revise. A footnote in Microsoft's submission to the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has let slip the reason behind Call of Duty's absence from the Xbox Game Pass library: Sony and can damage living cells. Radioactive decay - AQA. Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. Revise. Beta radiation can penetrate air and paper. Irradiation for sterilisation A nucleus will regain stability by emitting alpha or beta particles and then cool down by emitting gamma radiation. Irradiation from radioactive decay. , emits an alpha particle to become what nucleus? Learn about and revise irradiation, contamination and the uses and dangers or radiation with GCSE Bitesize Physics. Contamination Learn about and revise the history of the atom and the structure of the atom with GCSE Bitesize Physics. Irradiation from radioactive decay. Learn about the properties of radiation, detecting radiation, nuclear equations and background radiation with BBC Bitesize GCSE Physics. The half-life. Every 5.27 years, the mass of cobalt-60 halves. Easy-to-understand homework and revision materials for your GCSE Physics (Single Science) AQA 9-1 studies and exams. Non-renewable energy comes from sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimesor even in many, many lifetimes. Learn about and revise irradiation, contamination and the uses and dangers or radiation with GCSE Bitesize Physics. This causes the nucleus to become uranium-236, which is violently unstable. Calculating the isotope remaining - Higher, a fraction - a of a of a of a remains, which is = 1/16 of the original sample, a decimal 1/16 = 0.0625 of the original sample, a ratio given in the form 'activity after n half-lives : initial activity' , in this case 1:16, 15 years is three half-lives so the fraction remaining will be, \((\frac{1}{2})^3 = \frac{1}{8} = 12.5g\), Sample exam questions - atomic structure - AQA, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). Browse our listings to find jobs in Germany for expats, including jobs for English speakers or those in your native language. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. An unstable nucleus can decay by emitting an alpha particle, a beta particle, or a gamma ray. It can be stopped by a thin sheet of aluminium. Even small levels can penetrate air, paper or thin metal. The crust is the outer layer of the Earth. The crust is the solid rock layer upon which we live. The convection currents move the plates. The number of cobalt-60 atoms halves. Contamination Most non-renewable energy sources are fossil fuels: coal, petroleum, and natural gas.Carbon is the main element in fossil fuels.For this reason, the time period that fossil fuels formed (about 360-300 million years ago) Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Combined Science. Sign in, choose your GCSE subjects and see content that's tailored for you. In 1896, Becquerel noted the emission of energetic radiation from the salts of uranium that had penetrating powers similar to those of X-rays. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Physics. is the layer surrounding the inner core. Learn about the properties of radiation, detecting radiation, nuclear equations and background radiation with BBC Bitesize GCSE Physics. An element's atomic number defines it. . Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Physics. Non-renewable energy comes from sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimesor even in many, many lifetimes. Questions in paper 2 may draw on an understanding of energy changes and transfers due to heating, mechanical and electrical work and the concept of energy conservation from Energy and Electricity. Questions in paper 2 may draw on an understanding of energy changes and transfers due to heating, mechanical and electrical work and the concept of energy conservation from Energy and Electricity. There were a small number of Greeks who had a different idea. These changes are described using nuclear equations. Radioactive particles decay and release alpha, beta and gamma radiation - natural and artificial sources of background radiation. Tectonic hazards can destroy buildings, infrastructure and cause deaths. Nuclear fission is the splitting of a large atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Combined Science. It is made up of semi- molten rock called magma. An alpha particle is the same as a helium-4 nucleus. by -2. 15 years is three half-lives so the fraction remaining will be \((\frac{1}{2})^3 = \frac{1}{8} = 12.5g\), As a ratio of what was present originally compared to what was left, this would be 100:12.5 or 1:0.125. A periodic table shows that element number 90 is thorium, Sample exam questions - atomic structure - AQA, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). In a nuclear reactor, a neutron is absorbed into a nucleus (typically uranium-235). This can be put to good use as well as being a hazard. Advantages and disadvantages of irradiation, sterilisation can be done without high temperatures, it can be used to kill bacteria on things that would melt, it may not kill all bacteria on an object, it can be very harmful - standing in the environment where objects are being treated by irradiation could expose peoples cells to damage and, Sample exam questions - atomic structure - AQA, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). Video. Read about our approach to external linking. Where convection currents converge, plates move towards each other. Nuclear fission is the splitting of a large atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei. Revise. from a torch beam onto a hand, lights the hand up because the hand has been exposed to light. of a radioactive isotope. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. can damage living cells. The thicker the substance, the more the radiation is absorbed. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Combined Science. So it takes two half-lives to drop from 1,200 Bq to 300 Bq, which is 10 days. Paper 2: What's assessed. This can be put to good use as well as being a hazard. The half-life. It is a rock layer forming the upper part of the, is the outer layer of the Earth. This can be put to good use as well as being a hazard. In addition to the 'daughter' products, two or three neutrons also explode out of the fission reaction and these can collide with other uranium nuclei to cause further fission reactions. The activity of cobalt-60 halves. The crust is the solid rock layer upon which we live. The term applies to all types of radiation including radiation from the. For example, alpha radiation travels only a few centimetres in air, beta radiation travels tens of centimetres in air, and gamma radiation travels very large distances. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Physics. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Physics. It is either continental or oceanic. So suppose a sample has a count rate of 3,200 Becquerel (Bq) at the start, what its count rate would be after 8 days would be 1/16th of 3,200 Bq = 200 Bq. In ancient Greece, most people thought that matter was made up of combinations of four elements: earth, air, fire and water. The gamma rays emitted by the cobalt will destroy any bacteria on the fruit but will not change the fruit in any significant way. After discovering the electron in 1897, J J Thomson proposed that the atom looked like a, To explain the two types of static electricity, he suggested that the atom consisted of positive 'dough' with a lot of negative. Links. A footnote in Microsoft's submission to the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has let slip the reason behind Call of Duty's absence from the Xbox Game Pass library: Sony and Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. All types of radiation become less intense as they travel further away from the radioactive material this is because the particles or rays become more spread out. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Combined Science. Radioactive decay by beta-particle emission confounded the scientific world for a number of years. Radioactive decay is a random process. Paper 2: What's assessed. Browse our listings to find jobs in Germany for expats, including jobs for English speakers or those in your native language. Learn about and revise the history of the atom and the structure of the atom with GCSE Bitesize Physics. To explain the two types of static electricity, he suggested that the atom consisted of positive 'dough' with a lot of negative electrons stuck in it. Releasing this energy would free the world from having to use fossil fuels. This is the official website for Skinwalker Ranch and the core team, as seen on History Channels new hit series, The Secret of Skinwalker Ranch.Documentation of current research, past research, and future experiments can be found here, as well as current photos, videos, and happenings on the ranch..UAH scientist (L to R) Dr. Travis Taylor and Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Combined Science. This is known as a, This is so that the energy can pass on to other components in the nuclear reactor, which is used to heat water to drive the, Sample exam questions - atomic structure - AQA, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). This is the official website for Skinwalker Ranch and the core team, as seen on History Channels new hit series, The Secret of Skinwalker Ranch.Documentation of current research, past research, and future experiments can be found here, as well as current photos, videos, and happenings on the ranch..UAH scientist (L to R) Dr. Travis Taylor and Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Combined Science. In fact, the word. A footnote in Microsoft's submission to the UK's Competition and Markets Authority (CMA) has let slip the reason behind Call of Duty's absence from the Xbox Game Pass library: Sony and Nuclear fission is the splitting of a large atomic nucleus into smaller nuclei. Browse our listings to find jobs in Germany for expats, including jobs for English speakers or those in your native language. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Physics. Read about our approach to external linking. They are caused by the movement of tectonic plates. In a nuclear reactor, a neutron is absorbed into a nucleus (typically uranium-235). Penetrative properties of different types of radiation, Measuring the effect of different wrappings on a radioactive rock, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. and not all nuclei are likely to decay at the same time so it is impossible to tell when a particular nucleus will decay. Questions in paper 2 may draw on an understanding of energy changes and transfers due to heating, mechanical and electrical work and the concept of energy conservation from Energy and Electricity. Learn about and revise the history of the atom and the structure of the atom with GCSE Bitesize Physics. Three subatomic particles have different charges and masses. This can be put to good use as well as being a hazard. This can be put to good use as well as being a hazard. Beta decay changes the atomic number by +1 (the nucleus gains a proton) but the mass number remains unchanged (it gains a proton but loses a neutron by ejecting an electron, so a beta particle is an electron). The activity of cobalt-60 halves. Every 5,730 years, the mass of carbon-14 halves. Shining visible radiation from a torch beam onto a hand, lights the hand up because the hand has been exposed to light. Contamination This was consistent with the evidence available at the time: solids cannot be squashed, therefore the atoms which make them up must be solid throughout, rubbing two solids together often results in static charge so there must be something (electrons) on the outsides of atoms which can be transferred as atoms collide, Sample exam questions - atomic structure - AQA, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). Radioactive decay - AQA. GCSE Combined Science Physics (Combined Science) learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Combined Science. In fact, the word atom comes from the word 'atomos', which means uncuttable. Learn about and revise the history of the atom and the structure of the atom with GCSE Bitesize Physics. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Physics. Dividing by 20 enables the average count rate per minute to be determined. It is a thin layer between 0 - 60 km thick. can damage living cells. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Combined Science. The term applies to all types of radiation including radiation from the nuclei of atoms. It is either continental or oceanic. The convection currents move the plates. Learn about the properties of radiation, detecting radiation, nuclear equations and background radiation with BBC Bitesize GCSE Physics. comes from the word 'atomos', which means uncuttable. The number of cobalt-60 atoms halves. It is a liquid layer, also made up of iron and nickel. So one half-life is five days. Revise. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. An element with 17 protons will always be chlorine. can damage living cells. Half-life is the time it takes for half of the unstable nuclei in a sample to decay or for the activity of the sample to halve or for the count rate to halve. This causes the nucleus to become uranium-236, which is violently unstable. Gamma radiation is the most penetrating. Alpha decay (two protons and two neutrons) changes the mass number of the element by -4 and the atomic number by -2 so the remaining nucleus will be \(_{90}^{234}\)? From the start of timing it takes two days for the count to halve from 80 down to 40. Learn about the properties of radiation, detecting radiation, nuclear equations and background radiation with BBC Bitesize GCSE Physics. The half-life. Test. This can be put to good use as well as being a hazard. An element's atomic number defines it. Alpha decay (two protons and two neutrons) changes the mass number of the element by -4 and the atomic number by -2. It is either continental or oceanic. Higher levels can only be stopped by many centimetres of lead or many metres of concrete. Test. Video. The movement of the plates, and the activity inside the Earth, is called the theory of, Tectonic activity and plate boundaries - Edexcel, Volcanoes and volcanic eruptions - Edexcel, Home Economics: Food and Nutrition (CCEA). Earthquakes and volcanic eruptions affect people all over the world. . can damage living cells. Read about our approach to external linking. Topics 5-8: Forces; Waves; Magnetism and electromagnetism; and Space physics. It is solid and made up of iron and nickel with temperatures of up to 5,500C. Links. The background count rate is measured over a period of 20 minutes because of the random nature of radioactive decay. With the wrong number of neutrons, nuclei can fall apart. Our tips from experts and exam survivors will help you through. Read about our approach to external linking. Learn about and revise nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half-life with GCSE Bitesize Physics. Revise and learn about nuclear radiation, radioactive decay and half life with this BBC Bitesize Combined Science AQA Synergy study guide. They believed that if there was a piece of wood for example, it could be cut into smaller and smaller pieces until it ended up as a piece of wood that was so small it couldn't be cut anymore. Skinwalker Ranch Uintah Basin, UT. Topics 5-8: Forces; Waves; Magnetism and electromagnetism; and Space physics. Non-renewable energy comes from sources that will run out or will not be replenished in our lifetimesor even in many, many lifetimes.
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