His calendrical name was 9 Wind.Parents: The dual creator Ometeotl (Two Lord), also known as Ometecuhtli and Omecihuatl (Two Lord and Two Lady)Siblings: Tezcatlipoca and Camaxtle. Quetzalcoatl, the Aztec god of the sun and wind, air, and learning, wears around his neck the "wind breastplate" ehcaczcatl, "the spirally voluted wind jewel" made of a conch shell. 07v(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 8: Quetzalcoatl (left) and Tezcatlipoca in one of a two-page binding together of the lunar and solar calendars. (Different versions feature different names. As the morning and evening star, Quetzalcatl was the symbol of death and resurrection. A bouquet of flowers found in a tunnel under a Teotihuacan pyramid survived a bonfire about 2,000 years ago. Some legends describe him as opposed to human sacrifice[26] while others describe him practicing it.[27][28]. All products are produced on-demand and shipped worldwide within 2 - 3 business days. In 1980, the mintage for the piece is listed as 266,899,999. The 1981 has a listed mintage of 30,500,000, and the 1982 with a mintage of 20,000,000. ", "Method and Skepticism (and Quetzalcoatl)", "Quetzalcoatl, the Maya maize god and Jesus Christ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Quetzalcoatl&oldid=1133400620, Supernatural beings identified with Christian saints, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles having different image on Wikidata and Wikipedia, Articles containing Classical Nahuatl-language text, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from August 2019, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2019, Wikipedia articles needing factual verification from June 2021, All articles that may contain original research, Articles that may contain original research from June 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2012, Articles with incomplete citations from April 2020, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with sources in Nahuatl languages (nah), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, White Tecatlipoca, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl, Feathered Serpent, Precious Twin, Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli, Tlaloc, god of rain, lightning and thunder, the feathered serpent, god of vegetational renewal, This page was last edited on 13 January 2023, at 16:18. Dated to around 900 BC, it depicts a serpent rising up behind a person probably engaged in a shamanic ritual. yourself as you are seen by others. And with that he handed him the mirror. Discovered using Shazam, the music discovery app. Over the South presides the Blue Tezcatlipoca, Huitzilopochtli, the god of war. [45][46] The deity has been featured as a character in the manga and anime series Yu-Gi-Oh! Foil 251v of the Libro de los Ritos of D. Dur?n. Since 1200 CE in Central Mexico, he was considered the god of learning, agriculture, science, and arts. Sahagn (Book III, chapter III) also made special mention of their devotion to him. There he welcomed the rising sun as Lord of the Dawn and, when the sun wobbled uncertainly on its rising course, steadied it as god of wind. She instantly obeyed and, drinking some of the pulque, also became drunk. Quetzalcatl, Mayan name Kukulcn, (from Nahuatl quetzalli, tail feather of the quetzal bird [Pharomachrus mocinno], and coatl, snake), the Feathered Serpent, one of the major deities of the ancient Mexican pantheon. Quetzalcoatl said that the heavens and the stars had already warned him that after four years he must leave, and he would therefore obey. Carrasco's work was revised in 2000, and the new edition provides a valuable overview of the controversy about Cortes and Quetzalcoatl. [24] A fourth story narrates that Quetzalcoatl was born from Coatlicue, who already had four hundred children who formed the stars of the Milky Way. Ruler of the. First they made fire, then half a sun, the heavens, the waters, and a great fish called Cipactli; from Cipactlis flesh they made the solid earth. 89r(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 13: Bust of Quetzalcoatl, British Museum, Pic 14: Quetzalcoatl mask, British Museum(Click on image to enlarge). On the basis of the different symbolic systems used in portrayals of the feathered-serpent deity in different cultures and periods, scholars have interpreted the religious and symbolic meaning of the feathered-serpent deity in Mesoamerican cultures. Download Full Size Image. The earliest known iconographic depiction of the deity appears on Stela 19 at the Olmec site of La Venta. In the era following the 16th-century Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire, a number of records conflated Quetzalcoatl with Ce Acatl Topiltzin, a ruler of the mythico-historic city of Tollan. He was then admitted into the presence of Quetzalcoatl. A stunning reconstruction of an Aztec headdress, The sunflower - one of Mexicos gifts to the world, The ancient Voladores ceremony is still performed today, In Aztec poetry warriors die - to return again and again, Read a lovely story about Aztec companion spirits, Molluscs were both useful and symbolic in the Mexica empire, An Aztec stone jaguar head lurks in Mexico City, Theres only one Aztec drawing of the (fig) paper tree. Drawing by E. Mazzetto 2014. from publication: Contexts of offerings . Top-ranking priests from Tenochtitlan were awarded the name of Quetzalcoatl, and Aztec leaders, upon coming into power, were obliged to first worship at the temple at Cholula (Florescano 2001, p.237). album: esperanto slang [album] track: 11 of 12 title: quetzalcoatl offering artist: captain planet label: bastard jazz recordings cat#: bjlp06 formats: digital digital release: 6th october 2014. Corrections? In his form as Ehecatl he is the wind, and is represented by spider monkeys, ducks, and the wind itself. Tezcatlicopa transformed himself into a tiger and emerged from the waves, attacking and devouring the giants; then, passing to the nocturnal heavens, he became the constellation of the Great Bear. [11] In Mazatec legends the astrologer deity Tlahuizcalpanteuctli, who is also represented by Venus, bears a close relationship with Quetzalcoatl. A 2012 exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and the Dallas Museum of Art, "The Children of the Plumed Serpent: the Legacy of Quetzalcoatl in Ancient Mexico", demonstrated the existence of a powerful confederacy of Eastern Nahuas, Mixtecs and Zapotecs, along with the peoples they dominated throughout southern Mexico between 1200 and 1600 (Pohl, Fields, and Lyall 2012, Harvey 2012, Pohl 2003). putin long table generals; common desk headquarters; best sweet vermouth lcbo; bank owned properties in new orleans; pablo acosta villarreal santa elena, chihuahua; uncle ray murphy cause of death; mike williams deepwater horizon net worth; ian alexander jr autopsy report; jack elam margaret jennison; satyavathi akkineni . Tonalamatl), and displayed the portents of the 260 day lunar calendar known as the Tonalpoualli (Counting of the Days). The First London Nahuatl Study Day and Workshops. Considered by some to be Quetzalcoatls double, assistant or twin, Xolotl aided Quetzalcoatl when he descended to the Mictlan to recover the bones of humankind. The 20 day signs formed a precious necklace Trainee runners had to shin up the 113 steps of the Templo Mayor. I shall be seen no more: I shall no longer frighten my people. But Tezcatlipoca said he could conceal the defects on Quetzalcoatls face. One sip led to another; Tezcatlipoca got Quetzalcoatl very drunk. While it was being constructed Tezcatlipoca (who in other myths is a creatortrickster god but here is a Demonic force, or sorcerer) came to Quetzalcoatl one day and told him that toward Honduras, in a place called Tlapallan, a house was ready for him. The Quetzalcoatl of that myth is a god. Updates? In the post-classic Nahua civilization of central Mexico (Aztec), the worship of Quetzalcoatl was ubiquitous. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. I am not fit to rule this people. [14] In the Postclassic period (9001519AD), the worship of the feathered-serpent deity centred in the primary Mexican religious center of Cholula. means of adding another half to the sun. [13] That period lies within the Late Preclassic to Early Classic period (400 BC 600 AD) of Mesoamerican chronology; veneration of the figure appears to have spread throughout Mesoamerica by the Late Classic period (600900AD). Why did Quetzalcoatl have so many guises? Whence come you? Offerings: Colored feathers. In Aztec times (14th through 16th centuries) Quetzalcatl was revered as the patron of priests, the inventor of the calendar and of books, and the protector of goldsmiths and other craftsmen; he was also identified with the planet Venus. Quetzalcoatl is the Aztec incarnation of the Feathered Serpent deity, known from several Aztec codices such as the Florentine codex, as well as from the records of the Spanish conquistadors. The conflict between the two cultures is told in W. H. Prescotts The History of the Conquest of Mexico and in the novels The Fair God by Lew Wallace and Captain from Castile by Samuel Shellabarger, which was made into a film. Codex Borbonicus fol. There are several stories about the birth of Quetzalcoatl. Tezcatlipoca, force of chaos, arrived to shake things up. They separated land and sky and repopulated Earth by stealing human bones from Mictlan, Realm of Death. Quetzalcatl wandered down to the coast of the divine water (the Atlantic Ocean) and then immolated himself on a pyre, emerging as the planet Venus. quetzalcoatl offerings. [38] Some Franciscans at this time held millennarian beliefs[39] and some of them believed that Corts' coming to the New World ushered in the final era of evangelization before the coming of the millennium. Containing a round temple dedicated to the cult of Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl, Cholula was considered a pilgrimage destination across Central Mexico. His name became one of veneration. This talisman was a conch shell cut at the cross-section and was likely worn as a necklace by religious rulers, as such objects have been discovered in burials in archaeological sites throughout Mesoamerica,[8] and potentially symbolized patterns witnessed in hurricanes, dust devils, seashells, and whirlpools, which were elemental forces that had significance in Aztec mythology. The first people were Cipactonal, a man, and Oxomuco, a woman. Quetzalcatl ruled over the days that bore the name ehcatl (wind) and over the 18th 13-day series of the ritual calendar. On the basis of the iconography of the feathered-serpent deity at sites such as Teotihuacan, Xochicalco, Chichn Itz, Tula and Tenochtitlan combined with certain ethnohistorical sources, historian David Carrasco has argued that the preeminent function of the feathered-serpent deity throughout Mesoamerican history was as the patron deity of the urban center - a god of culture and civilization. After some time Quetzalcoatl took a stick and with a blow of it knocked Tezcatlipoca from the sky into the waters. He then made himself the sun. He showed Quetzalcoatl his reflection in an obsidian mirror. quetzalcoatl offeringsdoris raymond husband. They decided to make a sun, one that would eat the hearts and drink the blood of victims, and there must be wars upon the earth, that these victims could be obtained for the sacrifice. Quetzalcoatl then built a great fire and took his son, born of his own flesh without any mother, and cast him into the flames, whence he rose into the sky as the sun which lights the world. Tlaloc then threw his son into the flames, creating the moon. Go tell your master, he said to the servants, that I have come to show him his own flesh. What is this? asked Quetzalcoatl when the message was delivered. Quetzalcoatls significance and place in the Aztec pantheon is now unclear. Several bouquets of offering flowers have been discovered 59 feet below temple of the god Quetzalcatl - a pyramid that still stands in the Mexican ruined city of Teotihuacan 'In total there are. The first people were Cipactonal, a man, and Oxomuco, a woman. Go and ask him. But Tezcatlipoca said he would speak only with Quetzalcoatl. (1), Toci - an aspect of the Great Mother Earth Goddess, Pic 1: Re-creation of mural at Cacaxtla. Guises: Ehcatl (Wind) / Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli (Venus), Xolotl (the dog twin or double of Quetzalcoatl), and the mythical human priest, Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl.Emblem: A half-conch, symbol of creation.Active: The Feathered Serpent was represented as a deity in Mesoamerica from the Pre-classic period until the conquest in 1521.Favourite Colour: Blue and Black (Ehcatl) or Red and White pinstripe (Tlahuizcalpantecuhtli). Quetzalcoatl Fact FileInterests: Saving the world (or making it), preserving life, cultivating knowledge and recognising beauty.Day Sign: WindTrecena (13 day week): 1 Jaguar. This is because he dropped, but then saved, the bones of humankind as he tripped over a quail while escaping from the Mictlan (Graulich, 1996). In some incredible escapades, they created the earth, sea and night sky and were regents of the first two suns, or world eras of the existing five. [44], Quetzalcoatl was fictionalized in the 1982 film Q as a monster that terrorizes New York City. As a result, the heavens themselves fell, and the sun and stars were alike quenched. The two then realized that their struggle had to end, so they united their efforts and raised again the sky, resting it on two mighty trees, the Tree of the Mirror (tezcaquahuitl) and the Beautiful Great Rose Tree (quetzalveixochitl) on which the concave heavens have ever since securely rested. The earth still had no sun to light it, and the four brothers met again. From her wound burst beautiful flowers that the bat took to the lord of the underworld, Mictlantecuhtli, who bathed them in the water of his subterranean rivers and perfumed the blossoms.Many other creation myths revolve around Quetzalcoatl, some including the creation of the maguey plant, and the discovery of corn (follow the link below). He never offered human victims, only snakes, birds, and butterflies. When the right moment came, Tezcatlipoca appeared in his tiger form and gave Quetzalcoatl such a blow with his paw that it hurled him from the skies. Quetzalcoatl Offering - song and lyrics by Captain Planet | Spotify Home Your Library Create Playlist Liked Songs Cookies Privacy Preview of Spotify Sign up to get unlimited songs and podcasts with occasional ads. As his body burned his heart rose to heaven, and after four days he became the planet Venus, the Morning Star. The half sun created by Quetzalcoatl and Huitzilopochtli was a poor light for the world, and the four brothers came together to find a Cholula was the center of his veneration and an important pilgrimage site. On the basis of the Teotihuacan iconographical depictions of the feathered serpent, archaeologist Karl Taube has argued that the feathered serpent was a symbol of fertility and of internal political structures - contrasting with the War Serpent symbolizing the outwards military expansion of the Teotihuacan empire. You have troubled yourself much. They had a son, but there was no wife for him to marry, so the four gods made one out of the hair taken from the head of their divine mother, Zochiquetzal. Codex Borgia, fol.19(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 10: Aztec stone sculpture of Xolotl, National Anthropology Museum, Mexico City (Wikipedia)(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 11: Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl (upper-right). Images of serpents have been represented in Mesoamerican art since Olmec times, and we know that they are related to fertility and the earth. He became a tool for evangelists who identified his second-coming from the east with the arrival of the conquistadors. The story of the life of the Mexican divinity, Quetzalcoatl, closely resembles that of the Savior; so closely, indeed, that we can come to no other conclusion than that Quetzalcoatl and Christ are the same being. info)), in honorific form: Quetzalctzin) is a deity in Aztec culture and literature whose name comes from the Nahuatl language and means "Precious serpent" or "Quetzal-feathered Serpent". Although probably not exactly a depiction of the same feathered-serpent deity worshipped in classic and post-classic periods, it shows the continuity of symbolism of feathered snakes in Mesoamerica from the formative period and on, for example in comparison to the Maya Vision Serpent shown below. As humans, Tezcatlipocas trickery thwarted the priest Quetzalcoatl (myth of Ce Acatl Topiltzin Quetzalcoatl). Let your friend be your guide in Quetzalcoatl's space. Of the four, one was called the black and one the red Tezcatlipoca, and the fourth was Huitzilopochtli. by Marcelosan. Not waiting for their decision, Tezcatlipoca transformed himself into a sun. And when the wind rose, when the dust rumbled, and it crack and there was a great din, became it became dark and the wind blew in many directions, and it thundered; then it was said: " [Quetzalcoatl] is wrathful." [17] However sixteenth-century Franciscan missionaries were very taken with him. There is another, better-known account in the Annals of Cuauhtitlan. Although often described as an Aztec deity, Quetzalcoatl predates the Aztecs in the Valley of Mexico by centuries. Encyclopedia of Spirits: The Ultimate Guide to the Magic of Fairies, Genies, Demons, Ghosts, Gods & Goddesses Written by :Judika Illes Copyright 2009 by Judika Illes. [9] Animals thought to represent Quetzalcoatl include resplendent quetzals, rattlesnakes (coatl meaning "serpent" in Nahuatl), crows, and macaws. They maintained a major pilgrimage and commercial center at Cholula, Puebla which the Spaniards compared to both Rome and Mecca because the cult of the god united its constituents through a field of common social, political, and religious values without dominating them militarily. There his attendants built a funeral pyre, and he threw himself into the flames. With the immigration of Nahua-speaking tribes from the north, Quetzalcatls cult underwent drastic changes. He should leave Tula and go to live and die in the new home. In a variant of the end of the legend, Quetzalcoatl departed on a raft toward the east, saying he would one day return. He was known as the inventor of books and the calendar, the giver of maize (corn) to mankind, and sometimes as a symbol of death and resurrection. His hair is red and his body painted with red and white stripes. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Omissions? In his purely mythical form the god Quetzalcoatl was one of four brothers born in the 13th heaven. According to sixteenth century friar Bernadino de Sahagn and his native informants, he also presided over 1 Reed. As his body burned his heart rose to heaven, and after four days he became the planet Venus, the Morning Star. Aspects of his myth were perceived as Christ-like. Let them build for me a habitation deep underground; let them bury my bright treasures in the earth; let them throw the gleaming gold and shining stone into the holy fountain where I take my daily bath. He then journeyed eastward to a place where the sky, land, and water met. To save children born during the worst phase of 1 Reed, the Aztecs held childrens naming ceremonies on or after the 7th day of the week (7 Rain) as the following days were more auspicious. Figure 25: Quetzalcoatl Offering . The first keeper of written records, he was patron of the Calmecac, a school for noble children who learned to paint histories and astrology, as well as practice the art of war. On a lone voyage, he went to find the bones of the dead in the underworld, known as Mictlan. Legend says that Ce Acatl Topiltzin and the Toltecs left Tula after being tricked and shamed by Quetzalcoatls brother, the deity Tezcatlipoca. Represented as the plumed serpent, Quetzalcoatl was also seen as manifest in the wind, one of the most powerful forces of nature; a text in the Nahuatl language captures this relationship: Quetzalcoatl; yn ehecatl ynteiacancauh yntlachpancauh in tlaloque, yn aoaque, yn qujqujiauhti. Two other gods represented by the planet Venus are Quetzalcoatl's ally Tlaloc (the god of rain), and Quetzalcoatl's twin and psychopomp, Xolotl, the dog-headed soul-guide for the dead. [32][33][34][35][36] Most documents expounding this theory are of entirely Spanish origin, such as Corts's letters to Charles V of Spain, in which Corts goes to great pains to present the naive gullibility of the Aztecs in general as a great aid in the conquest of the Aztec Empire. With this appendage he was able to sweep the roads clean before the arrival of the rain gods (pic 5). Look now at your flesh; know yourself; see 22(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 8: Bust of Quetzalcoatl (R), British Museum; drawing of Quetzalcoatl-Ehcatl (R) based on the Codex Borbonicus(Click on image to enlarge), Pic 9: Quetzalcoatl-Tlahuizpantecuhtli, god of Venus. He said to the servants, that I have come to show him his own flesh a for... 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