Representing New Jersey at the Continental Congress. An advocate of natural law within a Christian and republican cosmology, Witherspoon considered moral philosophy vital for ministers, lawyers, and those holding positions in government (magistrates). The Document | Rev. John Hart died owing money, and most of his property was sold for a pittance. Presidents of Princeton University. Most of the 4,836 colonists who took advantage of the proclamation had done so before Trenton while British troops were enjoying their greatest success; AT NO TIME, however, HAD A LEADING REBEL SOUGHT PARDON. Notre Dame, Ind. He turned it into a very successful institution, and was a very popular man as a result. His 1776 sermon "The Dominion of Providence over the Passions of Men" was published in many editions and he was elected to the Continental Congress as part of the New Jersey delegation and, in July 1776, voted for the Resolution for Independence. John Witherspoon is Don Rigali . [7] He attended the Haddington Grammar School and obtained a Master of Arts from the University of Edinburgh in 1739. Annis was the only woman to be made a member of the American Whig Society. The Presbyterian Constitution of 1787 to which Witherspoon contributed removed provisions from the earlier Westminster Confession that allowed magistrates to suppress blasphemies and heresies, and the U.S. Constitution denied the power of the state to intervene in matters of religious faith (Morrison, 2005: 108). Paintings of Richard Stockton, George Washington and Elias Boudinot hang in Nassau Hall to this day. Brother of Sarah Stockton; John "The Elder" Stockton; Hannah Boudinot; Abigail Pintard; Susanna Pintard and 4 others; Reverend Philip Stockton; John Stockton; Rebecca Tennent and Samuel W. Stockton less. The wife of William Floyd escaped with her children by boat across Long Island Sound into Connecticut and died in 1781 without ever again seeing her home. While he at first abstained from political concerns, he came to support the revolutionary cause, accepting appointment to the committees of correspondence and safety in early 1776. There was no debate or discussion. Arrayed against such might was a Continental Army of 10,000 men and a handful of poorly equipped and badly trained militia in the several states. Richard Stockton, was denuded of its library and furniture." Seventeen signers lost everything they owned, and all of them were hunted as traitors, with most separated from their homes and families. A son-in-law was Congressman David Ramsay, who married Frances Witherspoon on 18 March 1783. And Charles Carroll, a new delegate from Maryland and one of the wealthiest men in America, replied as he was asked by Hancock if he would sign: "Most willingly." Witherspoon became the only clergyman to sign the Declaration of Independence. Witherspoon, in accordance with the Scottish moral sense philosophy, taught that all human beings, Christian or otherwise, could be virtuous, but he was nonetheless committed to Christianity as the only route to personal salvation. A week later Stocktons son-in-law and fellow signer Dr. Benjamin Rush wrote At Princeton I met my wifes father who had been plundered of all his household furniture and stock by the British army, and carried a prisoner to New York, from whence he was permitted to return to his family upon parole.. John Witherspoon was a Pastor, President of Princeton and signer of the Declaration of Independence. The Pennsylvania delegation had been 4-3 against independence, but Robert Morris and John Dickinson deliberately stayed away from the State House during the balloting, allowing Pennsylvania, under the unit rule, to support independence despite instructions by which the two men felt themselves personally bound. She became a professor of nursing at Vanderbilt University. (Painting by Charles Willson Peale, public domain via Wikimedia Commons). Richard Stockton was born near Princeton, on October 1, 1730. He met with Edmund Burke, the Earl of Chatham, and many other distinguished members of Parliament who were friendly to the American Colonies. Lives and fortunes were lost, but their sacred honor was never sacrificed. Witherspoon Society, an organization of laypeople within the. He has published scholarly papers and popular articles for both children and adults. 67179. John Penn - John Penn was a self-taught lawyer whose main duty during the Revolutionary War was to keep the North Carolina militia supported with supplies. [22], Witherspoon suffered eye injuries and was blind by 1792. At once he began fund-raising, added three hundred of his own books to the library, and began the purchase of scientific equipment, including the Rittenhouse orrery, many maps and a "terrestial" globe. He studied law with David Ogden, of Newark, who was at that time the head of the legal profession in the province. He also served twice in the New Jersey Legislature, and strongly supported the adoption of the United States Constitution during the New Jersey ratification debates. Charles A. Goodrich, 1856, Convening Moderator of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States of America, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_Witherspoon&oldid=1132410668. During the siege of Yorktown in 1781, the British forces were under heavy attack from some 16,000 American troops, 3,000 Virginia militia, and the French fleet. Nothing was ever written about doubts of Stockton's loyalty in any of the papers of members of Congress, or in any newspapers or books of the time. I call to God to witness that if any British troops are landed in the County of York, of which I am Lieutenant, I will wait no orders, but will summon the militia and drive the invaders into the sea!". Dreading the possibility of war, on December 12, 1774; he drew up and sent to Lord Dartmouth, Secretary for the Colonies An Expedient for the Settlement of the American Disputes, a plan for self-government of America, independent of Parliament but owing allegiance to the Crown. He paid the supreme price for placing his signature on the Declaration and pledging his life, his fortune and his Sacred Honor. He became a Church of Scotland (Presbyterian) minister at Beith, Ayrshire (17451758), where he married Elizabeth Montgomery of Craighouse. His son Richard "The Builder" bought 5,500 acres of land from William Penn in Princeton, New Jersey and settled there with his wife Susannah (nee Witham) Robinson. Smith, Rodney K. "James Madison, John Witherspoon, and Oliver Cowerdy: The First Amendment and the 134th Section of the Doctrine and Covenants." Mailer, Gideon. Geni requires JavaScript! In regard to civil magistrates, Witherspoon thus believed moral judgment should be pursued as a science. Lampo (1942) (CatZDech's Style) 44 Cats (2018) The Aristocats (1970) Lady and the Tramp (1955) Lady and the Tramp 2: Scamp's Adventure (2001) Pokemon (1997) Pokemon: The First Movie (1998) Pikachu's Vacation (1998) Pokemon: The Movie 2000 (1999) Pikachu & Pichu (2000) Pokemon Mystery Dungeon: Team Go-Getters out of the Gate (2006) Mickey's Christmas Carol (1983) Sport Goofy in Soccermania . Witherspoon was a very active member of congress, serving on more than a hundred committees through his tenure and debating frequently on the floor. There is absolutely no proof this occurred. Geography dictated the voting order among the delegates to the Second Continental Congress. The Syng inkstand is a silver inkstand used during the signing of the United States Declaration of Independence in 1776 and the United States Constitution in 1787. He fought against the flood of paper money and opposed the issuance of bonds without provision for their amortization. Stockton did, however, take an active role as a trustee of the College of New Jersey. Witherspoon was responsible for its rebuilding after the war, which caused him great personal and financial difficulty. John and Elizabeth had at least nine children: Dr. Witherspoon was married to his first wife. Coordinates: 40.35238 N, 74.66019 W. As the "Loudest Voice" for Independence, he is . John Witherspoon was one of the signers of our Declaration of Independence. In March 1777, only two months after Stocktons release, in a letter to British Parliament General Howe wrote at no time had a leading rebel sought pardon. The book His Sacred Honor comes to Stocktons defense against these revisionist writers using rumors and innuendo to spread this false claim against a founding father. A member of the five-man drafting committee created immediately after the Lee resolution was introduced, Jefferson had proposed that John Adams of Massachusetts undertake the actual writing of the statement, but Adams declined. Categories: Patriotic Service, New Jersey, American Revolution | American Founding Fathers | Signers of the Articles of Confederation | Signers of the United States Declaration of Independence | Presbyterian Ministers | Princeton University | NSDAR Patriot Ancestors, WIKITREE HOME | ABOUT | G2G FORUM | HELP | SEARCH. Declaration Timeline | Born in Scotland, John lived there for the first half of his adult life, marrying and having children there, and becoming a Presbyterian minister. John Witherspoon The 47 year-old son of a plantation owner, he was first elected to the colonial legislature in 1761, and sent to the first and second Continental Congresses. John Witherspoon. John Witherspoon would die on his farm near Princeton in 1794 at the age of 71. Sold June 4, 2008, in Printed & Manuscript Americana for $132,000. He was appointed to the royal council of New Jersey in 1765 and remained a member until the government was reformed. "These are the times that try men's souls," Thomas Paine wrote in COMMON SENSE. Born February 5, 1723 (Gifford, Scotland) Died November 15, 1794 (Princeton, New Jersey) Protestant theologian, educator. And so it went through the rest of the states, with George Walton of Georgia the last to affix his name to the historic document that day. In January, however, a sensational pamphlet appeared in Philadelphia and stirred more revolutionary fervor than anything that had been written to that time. (Image courtesy of the Architect of the Capitol) UCF lecturer David Head barely needs notes to teach the course U.S. History: 1492-1877. Witherspoon served in Congress from June 1776 until November 1782 and became one of its most influential members and a workhorse of prodigious energy. Husband of Elizabeth Witherspoon and Anne Witherspoon He also firmed up entrance requirements. There is not a single shoe or stocking to be had in this part of the world, or I would ride a hundred miles thought the woods, and purchase them with my own moneyfor youll consider that the weather here must be different from that in New Jersey; it is very cold now I assure you. When other members of Congress heard of the plight of the Clark sons, they ordered George Washington to take a British prisoner, preferably an officer, and starve him to death in a dark hole. Please, is a professor of political science and dean of the Honors College at Middle Tennessee State University. Parades and demonstrations, patriotic observances and celebrations, were held across the states. Stockton slowly regained his health and returned to his law practice to support his family but later developed cancer. In 1780 he was elected to a one-year term in the New Jersey Legislative Council representing Somerset County. Later, he signed the Articles of Confederation and supported ratification of the Constitution. He was the only active clergyman and the only college president to sign the Declaration. On July 2, 1776, the day of the vote on independence, another delegate claimed that America wasn't yet ripe enough for independence. A bronze statue at Princeton University by Scottish sculptor Alexander Stoddart is the twin of one outside The University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland. He booked passage on a ship to cross the Irish channel, his baggage was delayed but it proved to be his preservation as the ship sank in a violent storm and all aboard perished, he later crossed safely. The fifth son of Richard, eight year old John Stockton, inherited much of his fathers land after Richard died in 1709. In 1913, a handsome bronze marker was placed at the site by the Sons of the American Revolution. He is certainly the cleverest man I have yet seen from America. In London he attended the Queens birthday ball and was presented to King George III, later he had the honor of giving a speech to the King acknowledging the repeal of the Stamp Act and the King was impressed by Stockton. These 56 men who spoke for two and a half million American free men were a spectacular group of individuals. He is co-editor of the Encyclopedia of the First Amendment. Considered firm but good-humored in his leadership, Witherspoon was very popular among both faculty and students. There must be no pulling different ways; we must all hang together." 2008 - 2022 INTERESTING.COM, INC. When Stockton was questioned about America by the secretary of state, he rejoiced that he had nothing to ask of the government and therefore dare speak my sentiments without cringing. Constitutional Convention of 1787, including Virginias James Madison, as well as scores of individuals who served as judges and justices, members of Congress, and members of state ratifying conventions. Boudinot again served in Congress from 1789-1795. As one colleague reported, "He would lay aside the cloth to take revenge on them, I believe he would send them to the devil if he could." Penn Wharton School & America's Four United Republics Curriculum As the College's primary occupation at the time was training ministers, Witherspoon became a leader of the early Presbyterian church in America. Joseph Hewes of North Carolina was a Quaker with a long pacifist heritage, and for many months he sided with those in Congress who were opposed to independence. When John Witherspoon was born on 5 February 1722, in Gifford, Yester, East Lothian, Scotland, United Kingdom, his father, James Alexander Witherspoon III, was 31 and his mother, Anna Walker, was 25. ", Steven Hopkins of Rhode Island, the second-oldest signer, was afflicted with palsy. John Few was elected in February 3 . He argued that the colonies should be represented in the Parliament. "Give me the cannon," Nelson shouted. In Scotland, his personal efforts resulted in the acceptance of the presidency of the College by the Reverend John Witherspoon. The duties on each side. "Sir, out of respect to you," an artilleryman replied." . His handsome features and highly polished manners made him very popular. Anna, the eldest daughter, married Reverend Samuel Smith on June 28, 1775. He served on over 100 committees, most notably the powerful standing committees, the board of war and the committee on secret correspondence or foreign affairs. Just one grandparent can lead you to many The males in his family were all clergymen, and he was trained to become a Presbyterian minister. HE was involved in New Jersey committees of correspondence, and he also signed the Declaration of Independence and served on over a hundred congressional committees. In fact, an ancestor, John Witherspoon, signed the Declaration of Independence. He was educated in the early years by Rev. The practice of ancient nations, of making their prisoners of war slaves, was altogether unjust and barbarous; for though we could suppose that those who were the causes of an unjust war deserved to be made slaves; yet this could not be the case of all who fought on their side; besides the doing so in one instance would authorize the doing it in any other; and those who fought in defense of their country, when unjustly invaded, might be taken as well as others. Her father Elias Boudinot Sr, apprenticed as a silversmith and merchant, then traveled to the West Indies to run a plantation. Richard Stockton (1730-1781)Signer of the Declaration of Independence. No one changed his mind. John bartlett family trees listed as josiah, was glorious to be freely in particular repeal of independence in the independents in his many ventures including women. Stockton acquired his personal coat of arms and motto: Omnia Deo Pendent all depends on God. (19 February 1756 - 1763), John Knox Witherspoon, Jr. (29 July 1757 - 30 January 1796), Frances Witherspoon (16 August 1759 - 11 November 1784). Rush wrote that it took Stockton nearly two years to recover his health. The British occupied the area and did much damage to the college, nearly destroyed it. These Americans had become angry not so much at the amount of the taxes exacted as the realization that this was only the opening move in a program of confiscatory taxation. That reaction deeply hurt Morton, particularly when he was ignored even after he fell gravely ill early in 1777. Josiah Bartlett - New Hampshire: Josiah Bartlett was the first delegate to vote for independence and the second signer after John Hancock. In 1774, he drafted and sent to Lord Dartmouth "a plan of self-government for America, independent of Parliament, without renouncing the Crown." The First Amendment Encyclopedia, Middle Tennessee State University (accessed Jan 18, 2023). This article was originally published in 2009. Geni requires JavaScript! Madam, Your favor of the 17th, conveying to me your pastoral on the subject of Lord Cornwallis capture, has given me great satisfaction. Stockton was an active and influential member of Congress. William James Stone, Declaration of Independence, the Stone engraving, 1823. Besides paper documents, it is one of four still-existing objects that were present during the Constitutional Convention, along with the Liberty Bell, the chair that George Washington sat in as the Constitutional Convention's . Stockton was admitted to the bar in 1754, to the grade of counselor in 1758, and in 1763, he received the degree of Sergeant-at-Law the highest degree of law attainable. Please try again. Elias Boudinot is responsible for our Thanksgiving Holiday, he proposed in 1789 in the United States House of Representatives, a resolution that we officially celebrate a day of public thanksgiving. When the Crown began to give additional authority to its appointed episcopacy over church affairs, British authorities hit a nerve in the Presbyterian Scot, who saw such events in the same lens as his Scottish Covenanters. He was prominent in many reforms, especially in the areas of medicine and education. in Near Princeton, New Jersey, USA , United States, This form allows you to report an error or to submit additional information about this family tree: John WITHERSPOON (1723), Copyright Wikipdia authors - This article is under licence CC BY-SA 3.0. Rush. Senators, and 49 United States congressmen. At the age of four, he could read the Bible. (Clergyman, Author, Educator). Clara Elizabeth Judgwyn , Edward Parrish, Philippa de Luxembourg , Jean I de Hainaut, Elizabeth Parrott , John Beauford. Stockton was given a parole by General Howe in mid January, requiring him to no longer participate in the war effort as was common on both sides. Many of his students, including James Madison, Aaron Burr, Philip Freneau, and John Breckenridge, would play prominent roles in the development of the new nation. Morrison observed that Witherspoon responded to a provision in the Georgia State Constitution that prohibited clergymen from serving in the state legislature with a satirical essay in 1789 that suggested that the state might prefer individuals who had been defrocked for a disposition for cursing and swearing, drunkenness or uncleanness (quoted in Morrison 2004: 123). Washington ordered his forces to withdraw and the Redcoats laid waste to most of the countryside, destroying in the process homes and lands of the four who signed for New York. A Reading | Reese father earned his living as a surgeon and her mother was a college professor. Rev. Elias Boudinot was married to Stockton's sister Hannah Stockton (17361808). Because of the parole document Stockton signed with General Howe to gain his freedom, and giving his word of honor not to meddle in the war (required to be given a parole), Stockton resigned from Congress. Whenever I can serve my native country, I leave no occasion untried. He frequently attended Westminster Hall and advised all who would listen that the colonies would never submit to be taxed by the British parliament without representation. He was not released until several years later, badly treated and in very poor condition. From 1758-1768, he was minister of the Laigh Kirk, Paisley (Low Kirk). In 1743 he became a Presbyterian Minister at a parish in Beith, where he married, authored three noted works on theology. Page 130Glynn, John C., His Sacred Honor Judge Richard Stockton A Signer of the Declaration of Independence, Eveready Press, 2006. There were no negative votes among the five southernmost colonies (South Carolina went along for the sake of unity), and when the roll had been completed 12 colonies had voted in favor of separation from Britain, with only New York abstaining. Fleming H. Revell Company: 1906. Birth of Richard Stockton, Signer of "The Decla Signer of Declaration of IndependenceDelegate to Continental Congress, Signer Declaration of Independence. Dr. Witherspoon enjoyed great success at the College of New Jersey. Papers: 1766-1784, 32 items. Abraham Clark, the New Jersey signer who was known as "The Poor Man's Counsellor", had two sons - both Army officers - who were captured and accorded barbarous treatment on the hellship 'Jersey'. Then, on June 7th, Richard Henry Lee put this resolution before the Congress: "RESOLVED, That these United Colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent States, that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British Crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved.". In 1768, he left Scotland to travel to New Jersey, to accept a position as President of the College of New Jersey (now known as Princeton University). However, he changed his position a year later when the controversy over the Stamp Act arose. Elias Boudinot served his country in many positions during the difficult times of the American Revolution. discoveries. But a declining health and constitution worn out with application and with service obliged him, shortly after, to retire from the line of public duty, and hath at length dismissed him from the world. He was buried at Stony Brook Quaker Cemetery in Princeton, New Jersey among his Quaker ancestors. As of Fall 2022, the petition has garnered over 250 signatures in support of removing the statue on the basis that it is a distraction to the University's mission and makes community members uncomfortable because of Witherspoon's racist history. Declaration House | Born in Scotland and educated at the University of Edinburgh, Witherspoon was well known for his publications in Scotland before he was invited to be president of the College of New Jersey (todays Princeton University), where he succeeded Jonathan Edwards and served from 1768 until 1794. Once he was satisfied, the New Jersey delegates voted for Independence. Witherspoon and his wife, Elizabeth Montgomery, had a total of 10 children, only five of whom survived to accompany their parents to America. The three South Carolinians were given their freedom in a prisoner exchange in late 1781. 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