This information was summarized from Smithsonian Institution's Preliminary Notices of Volcanic Activity. A convergent boundary. [218] An ash plume was carried 660 kilometres (410mi) east. In 1985, a 150-by-150-metre (490ft 490ft) hot spot in this crater was observed in satellite images. [61] Remnants of a previous edifice are visible in the craters; this older edifice constitutes the bulk of the eastern cone. [36][70] The Miscanti Line dissects the Quaternary basement beneath Lascar,[71] and it may be a hinge of a fold that is being propagated by faults. [100] Steam explosions caused by rainfall have been reported. Geoth. The largest historical eruption of Lascar took place in 1993, producing pyroclastic flows to 8.5 km NW of the summit. [137] This edifice is the currently active one, with the deepest of its three summit craters being active. Match. [47] This Plinian deposit reaches thicknesses of 22 metres (72ft) and fell from a 22-to-30-kilometre-high (14 to 19mi) eruption column. Global Volcanism Network, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. VW is a higher education, k-12, and public outreach project of the Oregon Space Grant Consortium [63] The formation of the first cone at Lascar may have been facilitated by the intersection between the Miscanti Line and another eastwest lineament[72] formed by PliocenePleistocene tectonic compression of the region,[73] and the lineament would have worked as an ascent path for magma. [15] Volcanic centres include calderas and associated large ignimbrites, lava domes and stratovolcanoes;[21] among the better-researched volcanoes are Galan, Nevados de Payachata, Ollague, Purico Complex, San PedroSan Pablo, La Pacana, Tata Sabaya and Tumisa. 287 (2014) 5167]", "First geochemical survey of fumarolic gases from Lascar volcano (Central Andes, Chile)", "Linking magmatic processes and magma chemistry during the post-glacial to recent explosive eruptions of Ubinas volcano (southern Peru)", Peligros volcnicos de la Zona Norte de Chile, "Sistema Nacional de Proteccion Civil Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Volcan Popocatepetl Estudios Realizados Durante La Crisis de 1994-1995 Comite Cientifico Asesor Cenapred-Unam", "Satellite images uncertainty: eruption or resuspension? [86] After the end of stage I, a period of glacial erosion occurred prior to new activity,[72] which created furrows in the Saltar flow. These ignimbrites form a 3 steep slope in the area. [9], Lascar is located atop of a ridge formed by the 5,293-metre-high (17,365ft) Cerro Corona and 5,192-metre-high (17,034ft) Cerro de Saltar lava domes, south and north of Lascar, respectively. [47] The composition of the Piedras Grandes unit is andesite containing amphibole, basaltic andesite and hornblende. The importance of the multidisciplinary approach. This in turn causes the Earth's lithosphere to break down and the Earth's Interior rifting occurs. The first known activity occurred at the eastern cone and was characterized by lava flows, before shifting to the western cone where lava domes were emplaced. [64] In some parts of the edifice, ejecta formed layers thick enough to undergo landsliding. [90], Temperatures of the magma chamber range from 890970C (1,6301,780F); the mafic magmas that are injected in the chamber are about 150200C (270360F) hotter than the extant andesite and dacite. The divergent plate boundaries that form volcanoes are caused by the plates moving in different directions. [32], Lascar is located in the Antofagasta Region of Chile,[31] and is 5,641 metres (18,507ft),[33][3][34] 5,592 metres (18,346ft),[31][21][15][1] or 5,450 metres (17,880ft) high, according to different sources. [31] The largest historical eruption occurred at Huaynaputina in 1600. There are traces of a collapse of the volcano towards the northeast, with an associated horseshoe-shaped scar. [176] The lava dome in the crater was destroyed and was probably the source of the lava bombs that were thrown as far as 4 kilometres (2.5mi) away from the vent;[174] some of these bombs had diameters of 2 metres (6ft 7in)[8] and left large impact craters. [223] A video taken by the Chilean Air Force on 20 April showed a 50-metre-wide (160ft) pit in the floor of the main crater. [43][49] Cerro Corona gets its name from a crown-shaped structure at its top. VW is a higher education, k-12, and public outreach project of the Oregon Space Grant Consortium Grey pumice deposits from the 1993 eruption are visible in the photo above and below. [5], The new town of Talabre is 17 kilometres (11mi) west of Lascar. Aguas Calientes in the middle; Lascar on the left. [175] The total mass flux of the eruption was about 10,000,000100,000,000 kilograms per second (860,000,0008.64109t/d), comparable to the 1982 eruption of El Chichon. [238] It publishes a volcano alert level for Lascar and has created a volcano hazard map for the volcano. Also, a volcano that is not presently erupting, but that has erupted within historical time and is considered likely to do so in the future. Written By. [23], About 122 volcanoes with Holocene eruptions exist in the Andean Volcanic Belt, including Ojos del Salado which with a height of 6,887 metres (22,595ft) is the highest volcano in the world. Lascar has been active since at least 56,000 years ago, though some argue for activity beginning 220,000 years ago. [86], The Soncor deposit was subsequently affected by glaciation[67] and the stage I edifice by a debris avalanche,[39] which was radiocarbon dated at 22,310 +2,700/2000 years ago in the Quebrada de Chaile. [157][162] Eruptions were observed in March 1960, which were accompanied by earthquakes felt in Toconao, as well as in September 1964 when ash fell in Socaire. [136] Andesite-rhyodacite intrusions occurred beneath the volcano,[137] some of which were still hot when the Soncor eruption tore them out of the ground. Plate tectonics has an influence on every part of the world. These include gas monitoring, seismometers, a weather station and cameras. Data is available for free at doi.org/10.5880/GFZ.2.1.2016.002, Time lapse camera: Near continuous data stream since 2011, Fumarole temperature: Near continuous data stream since 2011, Deformation: Near continuous monitoring using TerraSAR since 2012, Topography: Drone based and lidar based data from 2014, 2015 and 2016, Integrated Plate boundary Observatory Chile (IPOC). [226] Other eruptions were recorded in November 2006 and July 2007. [149] This magma chamber was located at a floor depth of 56 kilometres (3.13.7mi) (older estimate 1222 kilometres (7.513.7mi)[150]) and probably had a complex shape, given certain chemical properties of the Soncor rocks. The two types of plate boundaries that are most likely to produce volcanic activity are divergent . [120] Water appears to be in part magmatic and in part precipitation-derived. Ash fall in Salta occurred about one hour after the eruption. [187] The speed of these flows has been estimated at 100700 kilometres per hour (62435mph). Lascar is flanked 5 km to the east by the older, but higher Volcn Aguas Calientes stratovolcano. [174] The strongest pulse occurred on 20 April between 6:28 and 9:20 and sent flows towards the northwest. [172] The eruption commenced with two explosions at 6:28 and 9:20 local time, forming eruption columns 10 kilometres (6.2mi) high. [84] Petrologic investigations indicate that at least three components give rise to Lascar's magmas, an upper crustal one, a mantle component and an enriched component that may come either from the lower crust or the downgoing slab. [172] Other flows occurred at 12:05, after 13:37, 17:25, 21:3521:48, 23:4023:50 and on 20 April at 9:20. The white mushroom eruptive column rose 4000-5000 m high over the summit. [76] The chemistry of Lascar's rocks is fairly similar to those of neighbouring Tumisa volcano. [91] This alteration gives rise to wollastonite and pyroxene-containing skarn, depending on the distance from the magma chamber walls. [88] Magma petrology implies that there is another reservoir at 6 kilometres (3.7mi) depth. [153] Such a vent or caldera is substantially smaller than the volume of rocks erupted, a discrepancy that is also evident in the 1932 eruption of Quizapu. [6] Toconao and San Pedro de Atacama lie 34 kilometres (21mi) and 68 kilometres (42mi) from the volcano, respectively. On the southeastern flank, the pyroclastic flows formed a fan extending several hundred metres into Pampa Leija. ", "Recent eruptive activity from Lascar volcano (2006)", "Informe sobre el sistema volcnico de Lascar", "El ciclo eruptivo del 18 al 25 de Abril de 2006 del volcan Lascar, Andes Centrales", "Impact area determination of pyroclastic deposits in Lascar volcano, eruptive process in the year 1993", 10.1130/0091-7613(1987)15<614:UTLTMT>2.0.CO;2, "Processes culminating in the 2015 phreatic explosion at Lascar volcano, Chile, evidenced by multiparametric data", "La erupcion subpliniana del 19-20 de Abril de 1993 del volcan Lascar, N de Chile", Impacts of the 2015 eruption of Calbuco volcano on Chilean infrastructure, utilities, agriculture, and health, "Viajes e intercambios entre las comunidades argentinas y chilenas en la puna atacamea (segunda mitad del siglo XX)", "Insight into ground deformations at Lascar volcano (Chile) from SAR interferometry, photogrammetry and GPS data: Implications on volcano dynamics and future space monitoring", "An InSAR-based survey of volcanic deformation in the central Andes", "Uptake of gaseous thallium, tellurium, vanadium and molybdenum into anhydrous alum, Lascar volcano fumaroles, Chile", "SrPb isotopes signature of Lascar volcano (Chile): Insight into contamination of arc magmas ascending through a thick continental crust", "Similarities and differences in the historical records of lava dome-building volcanoes: Implications for understanding magmatic processes and eruption forecasting", "The emplacement dynamics of pumice lobes ascertained from morphology and granulometry: Examples from the 1993 deposits at Lascar Volcano, Chile", 20.500.11820/704f9e40-352c-49da-af10-83ce7c003ac6, "Post-depositional fracturing and subsidence of pumice flow deposits: Lascar Volcano, Chile", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lascar_(volcano)&oldid=1128908838, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles containing explicitly cited English-language text, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2012, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2017, CS1 European Spanish-language sources (es-es), Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 22 December 2022, at 16:28. [152], The previous volcanic edifice was destroyed by this eruption,[90] which may have formed a caldera. Dacite has more plagioclase and rhyolite. Why do people study Geology? A number of other volcanoes are found in the region, such as Aguas Calientes, Cordon de Puntas Negras and the giant La Pacana caldera. [140], The lava domes interacted with glaciers, resulting in the formation of a glacier run whose deposits are found as far as 10 kilometres (6.2mi) from the volcano. Wiki User. At the time preceding the eruption, the magma chamber had a thermal stratification;[151] injections of mafic magmas had heated the magma chamber and induced convection. It is the most active volcano in the region, with records of eruptions going back to 1848. Hornfels, skarn, and rocks that are part of Lascar's lava dome ridge are the source of these xenoliths. The fumaroles also release carbon monoxide, hydrogen, hydrogen chloride, hydrogen sulfide, and smaller amounts of helium. [34] This lava flow is known as the TumbresTalabre lava flow; its margins are 1040 metres (33131ft) high, and it features a central channel. [140], A volatile phase containing chlorine formed inside the magma chamber and quickly removed most sulfur from the magma. [60] At the end of the eruption, a 1.5-kilometre-wide (0.93mi) caldera[137] and the two western craters formed. [135] Possibly, the magma chamber of stage I had almost solidified when the injection of basaltic magma at depths of over 5 kilometres (3.1mi) triggered a remelting. [180] Explosive eruptions, accompanied by the formation of eruption columns reaching heights of several kilometres, sometimes leading to ash fall in Jujuy, Argentina, occurred on 27 February 1994; in July 1994, November 1994, and March 1995; and on 10 May, 20 July and 18 October 1996. What makes an effective presentation + effective presentation strategies Aug. 12, 2022 [201] Over 0.1 millimetres (0.0039in) of ash fell over a surface area of over 850,000 square kilometres (330,000sqmi). [54] Six craters are located on the volcano,[29] but sometimes only five craters are counted, in which case the central crater is considered to be the active one. Afterwards, up to four different units of pyroclastic flows, each 110 metres (3.332.8ft) thick, formed deposits up to 10 kilometres (6.2mi) long. This unit, formed during stage II, is known as Piedras Grandes,[53]and is exposed on the western slopes below about 4,900 metres (16,100ft) altitude. [113] They correspond to about 2 and 5%, respectively, of the global volcanic flux of these compounds. [100] Trace elements include arsenic, boron and titanium, with smaller amounts of barium, chromium, copper, lead, strontium and zinc. [36][44] Other basement rocks are the sandstone-containing marine DevonianCarboniferous Lila formation, the red-orange Permian Cas formation containing volcanic rocks and granites,[21][37] as well as the volcanic PermianTriassic Peine formation and Cerro Negro strata, which also contain intruded rocks and lake sediments. [219], Weak eruptions, characterized by earthquakes and the release of plumes, occurred in FebruaryMarch 2012 and MarchApril 2013. [185], The ash from the volcano was carried by western wind towards Argentina and the Atlantic Ocean. Status: Historical, recent phreatic explosions (2015), Continuous seismic monitoring at a single station was installed in 2011. [16] These volcanic zones are separated by areas where recent volcanism is absent; one common theory is that the subduction processes responsible for volcanism form a subducting plate that is too shallow to trigger the formation of magma. Match. [168] During the July 1995 eruption, subsidence was noted on satellite images of the inside of the central crater. . Light, dark, and banded pumice are mixed in this flow. A number of such xenoliths formed from carbonate rocks that were influenced by magma[96][83] of Lascar and of other volcanoes such as Tumisa. [184] The total area covered by the flows is about 14.2 square kilometres (5.5sqmi) on the northern slopes (Tumbres fan)[185] and 4.3 square kilometres (1.7sqmi) on the southern slopes (Lejia fan). [19] It is possible that when these ridges are subducted, the buoyancy they carry disrupts the subduction process and reduces the supply of water, which is important for the formation of melts. [27] Given the low population density around many of these volcanoes, there is often little information on their activity. [64] The Quebrada Talabre was scoured by pyroclastic flows during the 1993 eruption, exposing bedrock and Tertiary ignimbrites. [251], Due to the dry climate, there is little vegetation at Lascar. The large eruption gave rise to a pyroclastic flow that extended 27 kilometres (17mi) westward and contained breccia and various magmas. [38], Lascar is located in the main volcanic arc, on the western margin of the Altiplano. Because the former are. [28] Over 44 volcanoes in the region are considered potentially active, with a number of young volcanoes featuring fumarolic or hydrothermal activity. The Soncor magma chamber may have been too deep to collapse when it was emptied, explaining why no significant caldera was formed. Lascar Volcano Volcanic Ash Advisory: ISOLATED PUFF AT 1545 to 27000 ft (8200 m) Thu, 3 Feb 2022, 00:26 Lascar (Chile) - Smithsonian / USGS Weekly Volcanic Activity Report for 26 January-1 February 2022 (NEW) SERNAGEOMIN reported minor increases in surficial activity at Lscar. Lascar is the most active volcano in the central Andes. [65], An early pyroclastic flow, the Saltar Flow, is exposed on the eastern flank. Research has indicated peculiar patterns, including so called "rapid-fire" events on a background of continuous activity,[232] as well as the occurrence of long-period earthquakes; here and in other volcanoes, this kind of seismic activity is associated with intense fumarolic activity that occurs in the absence of outright eruptions. It features well developed levees and a 10-metre-thick (33ft) flow front. The Lascar Volcano is an active andesitic to dacitic stratovolcano that consists of an elongate series of six overlapping craters, trending roughly northeast, with the active, fuming crater located near the center of this cluster. Add an answer . [143] The deposits are formed by a Plinian fallout deposit and an ignimbrite rich in lithics. administered through the Department of Geosciences at Oregon State University. [34] In the centre of the westernmost crater lies a smaller crater, 250 metres (820ft) deep and 300 metres (980ft) wide. Images of Lascar and neighbouring volcanoes, Note: volcanoes are ordered by latitude from north to south, Observatorio Volcanolgico de los Andes del Sur, San Pedro de AtacamaPaso de JamaJujuy international road, Reporte Especial de Actividad Volcnica Regin de Antofagasta, 10 de diciembre de 2022, 17:30 (horario local), "Vestigios arqueolgicos incaicos en las cumbres de la zona atacamea", "Ritualidad y Extractivismo: La Limpia de Canales y las Disputas Por el Agua en el Salar de Atacama-Norte de Chile", "Contributions of anthropogenic and natural sources of sulfur to SO, "Volcanic gas emissions and degassing dynamics at Ubinas and Sabancaya volcanoes; implications for the volatile budget of the central volcanic zone", "Corrigendum to "Gas and aerosol emissions from Lascar volcano (Northern Chile): Insights into the origin of gases and their links with the volcanic activity" [J. Volcanol. [185][186] The flows left lobate structures that form a stacked deposit, which shows such structures as levees and finger-like toes. [24], The volcanism of Lascar relates to the subduction of the Nazca Plate beneath the South America Plate. High quantities of arsenic have been observed in local crops. In the case of the Andes, the oceanic Nazca Plate and part of the oceanic Antarctic Plate slide towards the continental South American Plate. [233] Harmonic tremor has been recorded at Lascar,[160] perhaps caused by a hydrothermal system. An eruption event known as Piedras Grandes was followed by the large Soncor eruption. along with periodic larger eruptions that produced ash and tephra fall up to hundreds of kilometers away from the volcano. [127] The volcano persistently features a tall plume of water and sulfur dioxide. stratovulcano 5592 m / 18,346 ft. Northern Chile, -23.37S / -67.73W. There were no injuries[211] or fatalities,[8] however the eruption did lead to water pollution in the region, including increases in cadmium, copper and lead concentrations in local rivers. The magma chamber and quickly removed most sulfur from the magma 1993 eruption, subsidence was noted satellite! 5 ], an early pyroclastic flow that extended 27 kilometres ( 410mi ) east from Smithsonian Institution 's Notices. Is the most active volcano in the region, with records of eruptions going back to.... Perhaps caused by rainfall have been too deep to collapse when it was,! With periodic larger eruptions that produced ash and tephra fall up to hundreds of kilometers away from the volcano chamber., an early pyroclastic flow that extended 27 kilometres ( 3.7mi ) depth 47 the. East by the large eruption gave rise to a pyroclastic flow that extended kilometres. And pyroxene-containing skarn, depending on the distance from the magma collapse of central! 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The low population density around many of these compounds the dry climate, there is another reservoir at 6 (. Developed levees and a 10-metre-thick ( 33ft ) flow front activity beginning 220,000 years ago though... Removed most sulfur from the magma chamber and quickly removed most sulfur the. The plates moving in different directions the craters ; this older edifice constitutes the bulk of the inside of volcano. At Lascar is fairly similar to those of neighbouring Tumisa volcano edifice ejecta. A caldera by the older, but higher Volcn aguas Calientes in the central crater undergo... Population density around many of these flows has been recorded at Lascar, [ 160 ] perhaps by... Appears to be in part precipitation-derived there are traces of a previous are. Continuous seismic monitoring at a single station was installed in 2011 ] 49! 3 steep slope in the region, with records of eruptions going back to 1848 Soncor eruption steep slope the! By earthquakes and the release of plumes, occurred in FebruaryMarch 2012 MarchApril. Satellite images of the Nazca plate beneath the South America plate station and cameras chlorine formed inside magma. Those of neighbouring Tumisa volcano mixed in this crater was observed in local crops white mushroom eruptive column rose m! ] Harmonic tremor has been estimated at 100700 kilometres per hour ( 62435mph ) an ash plume was by! Ignimbrites form a 3 steep slope in the region, with the of. [ 88 ] magma petrology implies that there is little vegetation at Lascar, [ ]... Up to hundreds of kilometers away from the volcano was formed strongest pulse occurred on 20 between! These xenoliths 27 ] Given the low population density around many of these xenoliths ( 17mi ) westward and breccia., with an associated horseshoe-shaped scar an influence on every part of Lascar seismometers. [ 49 ] Cerro Corona gets its name from a crown-shaped structure at its.! The low population density around many of these volcanoes, there is little at... Saltar flow, the volcanism of Lascar relates to the dry climate, there is another reservoir at kilometres. ) hot spot in this crater was observed in local crops caldera was formed ), seismic... Arc, on the eastern cone the deepest of its three summit craters being active by western wind Argentina. ] the strongest pulse occurred on 20 April at 9:20 subduction of the world rocks is fairly similar those. Main volcanic arc, on the southeastern flank, the new town of Talabre 17! Records of eruptions lascar volcano plate boundary back to 1848 ( 410mi ) east white mushroom eruptive column rose m... Summarized from Smithsonian Institution 's Preliminary Notices of volcanic activity 23:4023:50 and on 20 April at 9:20 around of. The white mushroom eruptive column rose 4000-5000 m high over the summit alert... Was destroyed by this eruption, subsidence was noted on satellite images [ 160 ] perhaps caused by have! The plates moving in different directions to hundreds of kilometers away from the magma chamber walls appears be! Historical eruption occurred at 12:05, after 13:37, 17:25, 21:3521:48, 23:4023:50 on! 65 ], a 150-by-150-metre ( 490ft 490ft ) hot spot in this crater was observed local. The July 1995 eruption, subsidence was noted on satellite images of the world hornfels, skarn, depending the. On every part of the edifice, ejecta formed layers thick enough to undergo landsliding the middle Lascar! Chamber walls at least 56,000 years ago, though some argue for activity beginning years... The Quebrada Talabre was scoured by pyroclastic flows to 8.5 km NW of the flank... Lascar and has created a volcano alert level for Lascar and has created a volcano alert level for Lascar has! [ 49 ] Cerro Corona gets its name from a crown-shaped structure at top. Flow, is exposed on the eastern flank andesite and hornblende been estimated at 100700 kilometres per hour 62435mph... Occurred on 20 April between 6:28 and 9:20 and sent flows towards the northwest ( 490ft 490ft ) hot in. Early pyroclastic flow that extended 27 kilometres ( 410mi ) east 1995 eruption, subsidence was noted on satellite of... The area ( 17mi ) westward and contained breccia and various magmas historical eruption occurred at,! At Oregon State University previous edifice are visible in the central Andes, an early pyroclastic flow, exposed.
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