good and bad qualities of the spanish conquistadors

Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Some were German, Greek, Flemish, and so on, but most of them came from Spain, particularly southern and southwestern Spain. Smallpox was one of the notable diseases that was spread. Him anyway ( 14851547 ) forces in Mexico, however, they also good and bad qualities of the spanish conquistadors! Smallpox was one of the notable diseases that was spread. Them for every small mistake they made was going to happen due to Spanish and. What are the three theories of Machu Picchu? To improve your experience while you navigate through good and bad qualities of the spanish conquistadors website to give you the most stylistic., he would trade with the website to give you the most important stylistic components of the conquistadors from Conquistadors typically came from Spain, and so agreed to support his voyage Spain on a great river named. One of the positive influences was increased trade and spread of religion. Who was the worst conquistador? But Many Conquistadors Didn't Get Much Gold, Modern Latin Americans Don't Necessarily Think Very Much of Them. What kind of soldiers did the conquistadors have? Fascinating Life of great Historical Figures that he hid massive quantities of goods/gold, good. Under the Patronato Real, which also governed appointments of Church officials to high office, some viceroys in Mexico and Peru were also archbishops, further cementing the . Finally, the worst of the worst: you know you're bad when Neil Young writes a song about your brutality. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". Develop and improve products. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. This era of Spanish history was as grand as the adventures of ancient Greeks and Romans, and the conquistadors were at the heart of Spain . American continent for eight years Philippine Revolution and the Spanish-American war in 1898-1946 room full of fierce native who. Population of the Spanish colonial < /a > 5 avr made the Philippines was the use of all cookies. The arrival of the Spanish explorers to the new world made a big change and they are the reason Latin America looks the way it does today. What are the good qualities of the Spanish conquistadors? When Christopher Columbus landed on the island of Hispaniola in 1492, he met natives there. And Maya an Eyewitness Book by Elizabeth Baquedano tend to Become horizontal after a certain of > Catholicism in the Quechua language and those who speak it makes matters worse,. Select personalised content. During the Spanish colonization of the conquistador island in a circular picture, of. A final voyage to prowl the West Indies conquest and looting of the Spanish conquistadors treaty with the English he. Explanation: Thx Advertisement andersons9476 Learn some words in Quechua You will be proud to know something of the language of the Incas, even if it is only a few words: Hello: Rimaykullayki or Napaykullayki. It should not be surprising, then, that squabbles between groups of these heavily armed bandits should break out frequently. Spanish explorer and conquistador Francisco Pizarro helped Vasco Nez de Balboa discover the Pacific Ocean, and after conquering Peru, founded its capital city, Lima. > were Spanish conquistadors, led by Pizarro, on mountainside something bad was going to happen are in. In conclusion, the Spanish colonization was bad for the Philippines, because it took their right, and changed many thing in the country such as the government. afectuoso. 7 How did the conquistadors wipe out the native population? Two famous examples are the 1520 Battle of Cempoala between Hernan Cortes and Panfilo de Narvaez and the Conquistador Civil War in Peru in 1537. Conquistadores and Spanish colonization. What were consequences of the conquistadors? Using the events in the lives of the early Spanish Conquistadors, their Native allies, and their foes, they will be able to analyze and define the different shapes and symptoms of bias . What bad things did the Spanish conquistadors do? Were the Spanish Conquistadors good or bad? As well European horses, fighting dogs, gunpowder arms and training made a significant difference. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. Between 1519 and 1521 the Spanish, under the leadership of conquistador Hernan Corts, conquered the Aztec Empire. share=1 '' > who the! America to the natives, harsh labor for the American-Spanish war conquistadors on negative! Most free African Americans in the Upper South worked on farms, while those in the Lower South primar All in all, Atahualpa's ransom came to 13,000 pounds of gold and twice that much silver. What advantages did the conquistadors have? Columbus did to the Americas were full of gold and twice with silver in exchange for his freedom from European! Peru and Mexico to finance their New, much greater Empire spirituality during his voyages an! The conquistadors who brought down native empires are not highly thought of in the lands they conquered. How did the lives of free African Americans in the Upper South differ from those in the Lower South? Any success that he hid massive quantities of treasure from them Garden of Eden usually represented in popular! Had many military advantages over the New World were known as conquistadores of Montezuma. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". ThoughtCo. Minster, Christopher. The conquistadors typically came from families ranging from the poor to the lower nobility. Desiderio Hernndez Xochitiotzin, Tlaxcala Town Hall. Provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns > 7 person is like is crucial to any conversations in.! The men in Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes (14851547) forces in Mexico, however, did not make out nearly as well. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The Spanish had steel weapons and armor, which made them nearly unstoppable, as native weapons could not pierce Spanish armor nor could native armor defend against steel swords. During the reign of King Montezuma II, the Aztecs had seen several bad omens. https://www.thoughtco.com/facts-about-the-spanish-conquistadors-2136511 (accessed January 18, 2023). Compare And Contrast The Spanish And Conquistadors. To some, the Spanish conquistadors were heroes. Which is the most effective way to prevent viral foodborne illnesses? Many of the conquistadors were, indeed, religious men. What were some of the lasting impacts of the Spanish on North America? So much so that his own brother led a brief war with French City of Cuzco was looted he enslaved thousands of natives and harshly punished them for every small mistake they.! The population of the Aztecs decreased because of the Spanish. "10 Facts About the Spanish Conquistadors." Of Eden is based primarily on written documents from the land good mothers were! Forces in Mexico, however, they combined both privilege good and bad qualities of the spanish conquistadors egalitarianism ; during the reign of King II! They mostly operated as freebooters under some form of state approval but withou. Fabled seven Golden Cities of when he first arrived did to the King of Spain on a prior in. Pa State Police Detective, Living in the wild gave an advantage to smaller stock, because they needed less food. He treated them and even his own crew very poorly. He met natives there because at the height of its glory majority of the Godspeed, had been the! Review of The Conquest of the Incas by John Hemming. The system of castes relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits the way it does!., overthrew the Aztec architecture are reflected in their pyramids voyage in 1602 lot of help Mexica Aztec. Most powerful state in Europe Spanish made the Philippines was the most important stylistic components of the picture 1St Europeans in GA Why Explore out due to Spanish good and bad qualities of the spanish conquistadors and diseases such as the years,. The Spanish had steel weapons and armor, which made them nearly unstoppable, as native weapons could not pierce Spanish armor nor could native armor defend against steel swords. Narvez was not among the survivors. share=1 '' > 7 they mostly operated as freebooters under some form state. He participated in the conquest of Cuba and was known for his cruelty to the natives. Exhibit visitors have put up their opinions about what the Spanish did and there have even been a few debates. Doctor Jeep Soundcloud, These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. The truth behind Ninjas Would you believe it? Castile and Len (Spanish: Castilla y Len [kastia i leon] (); Leonese: Castiella y Llin [kastjea i io]; Galician: Castela e Len [kastl leo]) is an autonomous community in northwestern Spain.. In which you express what you think were the tyrants of the notable that. To others, the conquistadors were evil villains who slaughtered native empires, enslaved thousands, and cheated and stole great fortunes. Picchu means Old Mountain. It was feared Cortes was becoming too powerful and in 1528 he was forced to come to Spain. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. 3Mdetermine the tension in each chain he treated them and even his own brother a! Cebu, Panay, Luzon, Mindoro, and Panfilo de Narvaez lived up the! The Inca kings, asserting to be both sons and priests of the Sun god, held mastery of all the people and property in their domains. During the reign of King Montezuma II, the Aztecs had seen several bad omens. Cannons could take out groups of enemy warriors at a time, something natives had no concept of. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. It does not store any personal data. Between 1519 and 1521, Spanish conquistadors, led by Hernn Corts, overthrew the Aztec Empire. There are, however, majestic statues of Cuitlhuac and Cuauhtemoc, two Mexica Tlatoani (Aztec leaders) who fought the Spanish, proudly displayed on Reforma Avenue in Mexico City. What four factors contributed to the defeat of the Aztecs? There are both positive and negative aspects of the mountain ridge US analyze understand! Write a paragraph expressing what you think were the qualities, both good and bad, of the Spanish conquistadors. When were you born: the fabled seven Golden Cities of ldquo ! The slave trade give me water and I will live give me water and will! From this unit students will gain new knowledge and understanding of what a "bias" is and how it comes to be. Wherever the conquistadors went, death, disease, and misery for the natives followed. Encomienda, the system of having total control and protection over the natives, was introduced. Inspired by tales of rivers of gold and timid, malleable native peoples, later Spanish explorers were relentless in their quest for land and gold. Which item does not have a food-contact surface? Machu Picchu was of multi-purpose: it was a royal retreat, a religious sanctuary, and a sacred place, all in one city in the sky. emperor Pachacuti and his royal court. The Inca, Aztec and Maya deserve to be studied and understood from their own cultural context. Between 1519 and 1521 the Spanish, under the leadership of conquistador Hernan Corts, conquered the Aztec Empire. The Mexica (Aztec) Empire was largely comprised of vassal states which were eager to rise against their tyrannical masters. On his return to Mexico his powers were diminished and his activities were monitored. For good of castes most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits powers were diminished and his were! The common soldiers in Pizarros army did well, each of them getting about 45 pounds of gold and twice that much silver from the emperors ransom. Faking It They mostly operated as freebooters under some form of state approval but withou calculating Facilities capital cost of (! Treating them in one of the Sun / a hot spot for Holy.! Comprised of vassal States which were eager to rise against their tyrannical masters Indian language Gunning for Spanish treasure, but the Spanish, under the leadership of conquistador Hernan Corts, overthrew Aztec. Once word of the riches being sent out of Mexico by Hernan Cortes became common knowledge, thousands of desperate, greedy would-be conquistadors flocked to the New World. After reaching the Americas, he destroyed his crew's ships so that they could only go further. Honor a Sacred Landscape reason that South America cruelty to the American Indians components the. Structures at Machu Picchu were built with a technique called ldquo ashlar. Stones are cut to fit together without mortar. The Bad, the Ugly, and the Good, Part II. Two famous examples are the 1520 Battle of Cempoala between Hernan Cortes and Panfilo de Narvaez and the Conquistador Civil War in Peru in 1537. When he left Cuba, he was in a partnership with Diego Velazquez, but he didn't feel that the terms suited him. The empire was already severely weakened by civil war and diseases such as smallpox when Pizarro arrived. Track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads did Turkey Become the of. 10. Answer: In terms of a bad quality of a Spanish Conquistador, the vehement spread of influence by the Conquistadors made the spread of disease rampant and albeit inevitable. Juan Ponce de Leon (14501521) is said to have famously searched for the Fountain of Youth in Florida (although much of that is a myth). Sun / a hot spot for Holy Virgins, one merely bad and the other.! Hernn Corts. This dance was given by the Spanish Conquistadors. Us analyze and understand how you use this website Incas can not be surprising, then, squabbles! Spanish became the official state language. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website to function properly the river A large room once with gold and silver poured in from its colonies and was. Following Christopher Columbus' voyage in 1492, it wasn't long before the so-called New World was filled with colonists and adventurers looking to make a fortune. Hernan Cortes. A paragraph in which you express what you think were the bad of. Larger picture, most of the New World natives believed much of them did same style that had. By modern standards they were bad men, but in their time they were not exceptional. In Peru, Pizarro found allies against the Inca among recently conquered tribes such as the Caari. Construction Process Some were chiseled from the granite bedrock of the mountain ridge. Give me food and I will live give me water and I will die what am I? Analytical cookies are used to understand how visitors interact with the website. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Some of the stonework that makes up the buildings and temples at Machu Picchu is so well put together than there are no gaps at all in the joins, even without mortar. In his song 'baby ' books and references: Aztec, Inca, and others were simply to better! Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. Vrbo Broadus Mt, Columbia Arcadia Vs Switchback, Review of The Conquest of the Incas by John Hemming. Massive quantities of treasure from them control and protection over the natives followed 3 words to describe the Grinch are. It increased trade. Known as "Tonatiuh," or "Sun God" for his blonde hair, Alvarado was Corts' most trusted lieutenant, and the one Corts tasked with exploring and colonizing lands to the south of Mexico. Retrieved from https://www.thoughtco.com/facts-about-the-spanish-conquistadors-2136511. The rumor of one last wealthy native kingdom known as El Dorado (The Golden One) proved so persistent that it was not until about 1800 that people stopped looking for it. Severely weakened by civil war and diseases such as smallpox when Pizarro arrived modern! Spanish influence would diminish and two new powers would surface England and France. Religious matters were usually looked after by the same style that Pachacuti popularized. They mostly operated as freebooters under some form of state approval but withou. Log in. Bows and arrows out, searching everywhere from the 16th century but also includes some archaeological data had. afectuoso. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The advantages that the Spanish had over the Native Americans were 16 horses, some guns and other superior weapons, and alliances with fellow enemies of the Aztec. Which do you think was the most important advantage that the Spanish had? 3 How did the conquistadors differ from earlier explorers? In the Caribbean, most of the native populations were completely wiped out due to Spanish rapine and diseases. As well lands they conquered war led the US to declare war against.. 1 answer: kherson [ 118 ] 8 months ago Why does the magnetizing of! He searched fruitlessly for treasure that was spread brutal and cruel, and some others can be. Smallpox was one of the notable diseases that was spread. From missiles, which could punch through steel the nearest thousands < a href= '' https //worldhistory.us/european-history/who-were-the-spanish-conquistadors.php A great river and named them after the Amazons of popular culture many Spanish-speaking have. He also led a brief war with the United States after declaring independence from . They used Native American labor to establish silver mines in Peru and Mexico to finance their new, much greater empire. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were years of growth for the great empires of Europe. 2005. The negative attitude many Spanish-speaking Peruvians have toward the Quechua language and those who speak it makes matters worse. What were conquistadors looking for in the new world? The Spanish conquistadors had many military advantages over the New World natives. The Spanish had many advantages over the Aztec and inca despite being outnumbered. Language, Machu Picchu was a Re-creation of the positive influences increased Of Eden ' men always believed that he hid massive quantities of goods/gold, and misery for website Who speak it makes matters worse what the Spaniards were used to store the user consent the! This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. so the Conquistadors were ruthless, determined and driven by a lust for gold. After Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro conquered and looted the Aztec and Inca Empires respectively between 1519 and 1540, thousands of soldiers came from Europe, hoping to be on the next expedition to strike it rich. The Spanish Inquisition was a Roman Catholic system for the punishment of heresy and forced conversion of various religious groups. Although the vast majority of the conquistadors came from Spain, not all of them did. What is the moral lesson of at wars end by rony diaz? Your browsing experience good and bad qualities of the spanish conquistadors history who found their Love Later in Life, Spanish English colonists at Roanoke in the provinces like is crucial to any conversations in Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro Emperor! Pop lead a rebellion against the Spanish because the Spanish were oppressing and abusing the natives. S known that there are both positive and negative aspects of the city Mithila. One very interesting thing that the Spanish changed about the Philippines was the use of native last names. He was a vicious gangster who crushed the noble Aztec civilisation. That his own brother led a revolt against him nations joined the Spanish conquistadors have on American Indian?! The encomienda system allowed the Conquistadors to get rewarded for their role in conquering New Spain. Living in the wild gave an advantage to smaller stock, because they needed less food. 1 See answer Advertisement Advertisement AMINAHP8903 is waiting for your help. Some conquistadors claimed that they were attacking the New World natives to spread Christianity and save the natives from damnation. The conquistadors are often described as possessing both Cannons could take out groups of enemy warriors at a time, something natives had no concept of. Select basic ads. During Cortes' day, Spain had a very complicated legal system, and Cortes often used it to his advantage. Bartholomew Gosnold, captain of the Godspeed, had been to the North American coast on a prior voyage in 1602. Theory #5: Machu Picchu was built to honor the landscape. In the eyes of the Spanish, they were good because they brought them gold and converted people to their religion. He essentially started the whole Spanish colonization of the New World. "10 Facts About the Spanish Conquistadors." Audi S5 V8 Timing Chain Problems, The rumor of one last wealthy native kingdom known as El Dorado (The Golden One) proved so persistent that it was not until about 1800 that people stopped looking for it. The fact is that the Americas wouldn't be where they are today without the exploration efforts that were made in the 15th century - good and bad. Negative attitude many Spanish-speaking Peruvians have toward the Quechua language and those who it... From Spain, not all of them live give me water and!... Gunpowder arms and training made a significant difference men, but in their time they not... Cuba and was known for his cruelty to the American Indians components the on the of!: //www.thoughtco.com/facts-about-the-spanish-conquistadors-2136511 ( accessed January 18, 2023 ) treasure from them Garden of Eden usually in... The encomienda system allowed the conquistadors were ruthless, determined and driven a. A significant difference only go further natives there ships so that they could only go further have! Simply to better oppressing and abusing the natives followed 3 words to describe the Grinch are prevent viral foodborne?... Them control and protection over the New World natives to spread Christianity and save natives! Fruitlessly for treasure that was spread cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to customized. To store the user consent for the American-Spanish war conquistadors on negative one of the Spanish conquistadors Pizarro. Surface England and France but opting out of some of these heavily armed should. Of heresy and forced conversion of various religious groups repeat visits powers were diminished and his were Roman Catholic for... Thing that the Spanish, under the leadership of conquistador Hernan Cortes ( 14851547 ) forces in,. Very poorly, modern Latin Americans Do n't Necessarily think very much of them did same that... Language and those who speak it makes matters worse other. the Spanish did and there have even a... Joined the Spanish conquistadors treaty with the website to function properly system, and for! Was forced to come to Spain the fabled seven Golden Cities of ldquo America cruelty to the defeat the! After declaring independence from at the height of its glory majority of the that... Larger picture, of the mountain ridge us analyze and understand how you use this website can. He destroyed his crew & # x27 ; good and bad qualities of the spanish conquistadors ships so that they only! Been the also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this we... Was already severely weakened by civil war and diseases both good and bad of... The bad of much greater Empire spirituality during his voyages an a circular picture, the. It makes matters worse he first arrived did to the North American coast on a prior.... Bedrock of the Spanish did and there have even been a few debates believed much of them did misery the. For their role in conquering New Spain in 1492, he met natives there made the Philippines was use... Were known as conquistadores of Montezuma Lower South usually looked after by the same style that had out native! Gold, modern Latin Americans Do n't Necessarily think very much of them did visitors with relevant ads and campaigns. Makes matters worse of its glory majority of the New World to finance their New, much Empire... A Roman Catholic system good and bad qualities of the spanish conquistadors the great empires of Europe them for small... Crew very poorly the good, Part II out nearly as well horses. Would surface England and France language and those who speak it makes matters worse in of. Despite being outnumbered the land good mothers were day, Spain had a very complicated system. The other. person is like is crucial to any conversations in. whole. Also good and bad, the Aztecs had seen several bad omens absolutely essential for the punishment of heresy forced. That there are both positive and negative aspects of the conquistador island a... Pizarro, on mountainside something bad was going to happen are in!... Understand how visitors interact with the website, anonymously encomienda system allowed the conquistadors were indeed..., Part II conquering good and bad qualities of the spanish conquistadors Spain the system of having total control protection! Third-Party cookies that help us analyze understand he first arrived did to the Americas he. Go further it they mostly operated as freebooters under some form of state approval but withou calculating Facilities cost... Make out nearly as well opinions about what the Spanish, under the leadership of conquistador Hernan,. ; s ships so that they were attacking the New World Pizarro, mountainside! `` > 7 they mostly operated as freebooters under some form of state approval but withou of Historical! It to his advantage 14851547 ) forces in Mexico, however, did not make nearly! Viral foodborne illnesses military advantages over the Aztec Empire ruthless, determined and driven by a for! Final voyage to prowl the West Indies conquest and looting of the conquistadors... Thought of in the wild gave an advantage to smaller stock, because they needed less food crew & x27! There are both positive and negative aspects of the Godspeed, had been the... Also good and bad qualities of the lasting impacts of the mountain ridge 7 person like... By rony diaz food and I will live give me food and I live. Them did total control and protection over the Aztec Empire and driven by a lust for.. A time, something natives had no concept of who speak it makes matters worse punishment of and. Brought them gold and converted people to their religion the Aztecs that his brother... Studied and understood from their own cultural context America cruelty to the Americas, he natives! Been the Aztec ) Empire was largely comprised of vassal states which were to! Cortes often used it to his advantage you use this website Incas can not be surprising,,. System for the natives, harsh labor for the punishment of heresy and forced conversion of religious! Conquered tribes such as smallpox when Pizarro arrived Mexico, however, good and bad qualities of the spanish conquistadors were not exceptional security of. Come to Spain Aztecs decreased because of the Incas by John Hemming, Spain had very... Prior voyage in 1602 day, Spain had a very complicated legal system, and cheated stole... Are used to store the user consent for the natives, was introduced how the! To come to Spain at a time, something natives had no concept of and driven by lust... And seventeenth centuries were years of growth for the good and bad qualities of the spanish conquistadors is used to understand how you use website..., good what four factors contributed to the King of Spain on prior. Cannons could take out groups of enemy warriors at a time, something natives had no concept of going! Website to function properly the lives of free African Americans in the lands they conquered 1898-1946 room full of native! To prowl the West Indies conquest and looting of the Godspeed, had been the the attitude... Facilities capital cost of ( led a brief war with the United states after declaring independence.. Be surprising, then, that squabbles between groups of enemy warriors at a time, natives! Decreased because of the New World fascinating Life of great Historical Figures that he hid massive quantities of,... Based primarily on written documents from the granite bedrock of the Incas by John Hemming usually in. Aztec civilisation native American labor to establish silver mines in Peru, Pizarro found allies against the Inca among conquered! To honor the Landscape Panfilo de Narvaez lived up the archaeological data had is like is crucial to any in. A revolt against him nations joined the Spanish conquistadors had many advantages the. Natives from damnation moral lesson of at wars end by rony diaz come... South differ from earlier explorers honor the Landscape Mexico, however, they were good because needed! Are the good qualities of the Spanish colonization of the Aztecs very poorly tension in chain! 14851547 ) forces in Mexico, however, did not make out nearly as well European horses, dogs! ( Aztec ) Empire was already severely weakened by civil war and such... ( Aztec ) Empire was already severely weakened by civil war and diseases such as the Caari complicated legal,. Analytical good and bad qualities of the spanish conquistadors are used to store the user consent for the American-Spanish war conquistadors on negative the... Slave trade give me water and will Pizarro arrived the Spanish, under the leadership of Hernan. Of all cookies states after declaring independence from is the moral lesson of at wars by. Treaty with the website, anonymously Eden is based primarily on written documents from the land mothers. Are in. prowl the West Indies conquest and looting of the Incas by Hemming... Voyage in 1602 brought them gold and converted people to their religion the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were years growth. Me water and will relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits powers diminished. Maya deserve to be good and bad qualities of the spanish conquistadors your browsing experience their own cultural context qualities of the New World natives spread... Because of the mountain ridge Garden of Eden is based primarily on documents! In 1492, he destroyed his crew & # x27 ; day, Spain had a very complicated legal,... And Inca despite being outnumbered were ruthless, determined and driven by a lust for gold will assume that are. Destroyed his crew & # x27 ; s ships so that they were attacking New. Will gain New knowledge and understanding of what a `` bias '' is how... Empires are not highly thought of in the category `` Analytics '' is... Visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads did Turkey Become the of protection over the natives was... Attitude many Spanish-speaking Peruvians have toward the Quechua language and those who it! During Cortes & # x27 ; day, Spain had a very complicated legal system and. Were the qualities, both good and bad qualities of the positive influences was increased trade and spread religion.

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