[347], The most popular sports in Georgia are football, basketball, rugby union, wrestling, judo, and weightlifting. Georgia's decision to boost its presence in the coalition forces in Iraq was an important initiative. Macroeconomic Environment", "Services, value added (% of GDP) Georgia", "Georgia Poll Reflects Widespread Concern over Economic Issues", "Georgian National Tourism Administration Researches", "Russian Flight Ban Could Cost Georgia $300M, Experts Say", "Baku-Tbilisi-Kars Railway Line Officially Launched", "Kutaisi's airport: Georgia's opportunity", "ECMI European Centre For Minority Issues Georgia", "Population and Demography Population by cities and boroughs (daba), as of 1 January", "Main Results of the 2014 Census (Publication)", "Retro-projection of main demographic indicators for the period 19942014", Georgia: Ethnic Russians Say, "There's No Place Like Home", "International migrant stock 2019, 'by destination and origin', "Results of the 2010 All-Russian Population Census", "Immigrants by previous country of residence and usual place of residence", Russia: The IngushOssetian Conflict in the Prigorodnyi Region, World Directory of Minorities and Indigenous Peoples Uzbekistan: Meskhetian Turks, "Population by region, by native languages and fluently speak Georgian language", "The History of Georgian Orthodox Church", "Memorandum to the U.S. Government on Religious Violence in the Republic of Georgia (Human Rights Watch August 2001)", "Centralized university entrance examinations", "Gross enrollment ratio, primary, both sexes", "New Tbilisi.Gov.Ge ", "Georgia's Unfinished Search for Its Place in Europe", "Niko Pirosmani Short Biographical Information", "Media freedom in Eastern Partnership countries: Georgia tops list, Ukraine improves position", "The Untold Story of How "Chakrulo" Ended Up in Space", "Traditional winemaking in Georgia the oldest wine in the world", "Position Unchanged On Russian WTO Negotiations", Claude Saurel: Georgia's rugby revolution is only just starting, Population Dynamics in Georgia An Overview Based on the 2014 General Population Census Data, Association of Modern Scientific Investigation (AMSI), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Georgia_(country)&oldid=1133672509, This page was last edited on 15 January 2023, at 00:05. The Constitution of Georgia guarantees freedom of speech. [121][220] The two self-declared republics gained limited international recognition after the 2008 Russo-Georgian War. [337], Television, magazines, and newspapers in Georgia are all operated by both state-owned and for-profit corporations which depend on advertising, subscription, and other sales-related revenues. After the Russian Revolution of 1917, the Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic was established with Nikolay Chkheidze acting as its president. Lore-based theories were given by the traveller Jacques de Vitry, who explained the name's origin by the popularity of St. George amongst Georgians,[16] while traveller Jean Chardin thought that Georgia came from Greek ('tiller of the land'). For the U.S. state, see. ATLANTA (AP) Georgia Gov. The Georgia Department of Driver Services serves the public by offering commercial and regular passenger vehicle drivers licenses, driver's permits, and state identification cards. The coup was instigated by part of the National Guards and a paramilitary organization called "Mkhedrioni" ("horsemen"). [327] Georgian culture enjoyed a renaissance and golden age of classical literature, arts, philosophy, architecture and science in the 11th century. Since 1991, Georgia has made impressive progress fighting corruption, developing modern state institutions, and enhancing global security. This electoral imbalance became a key issue of political and civil society strife in the following years. [224] Historically, the western portion of Georgia was known as Colchis while the eastern plateau was called Iberia.[225]. [305][c] 0.7 per cent of those recorded in the 2014 census declared themselves to be adherents of other religions, 1.2 per cent refused or did not state their religion and 0.5 per cent declared no religion at all. State of Georgia government websites and email systems use georgia.gov or ga.gov at the end of the address. [133] Due to the incomplete transition to parliamentary democracy, a year of uneasy cohabitation between rivals Ivanishvili and Saakashvili followed until the October 2013 presidential elections. "[170] He was quoted as saying that if NATO accepts Georgian membership with the article on collective defence covering only Tbilisi-administered territory (i.e., excluding the Georgian territories Abkhazia and South Ossetia, both of which are currently Russian-supported unrecognized breakaway republics), "we will not start a war, but such conduct will undermine our relations with NATO and with countries who are eager to enter the alliance. The extinction of the Iberian royal dynasties, such as Guaramids and the Chosroids,[42] and also the Abbasid preoccupation with their own civil wars and conflict with the Byzantine Empire, led to the Bagrationi family's growth in prominence. [71], From 1803 to 1878, as a result of numerous Russian wars now against Ottoman Turkey, several of Georgia's previously lost territories such as Adjara were recovered, and also incorporated into the empire. Georgia is the 24th-largest state in area and 8th most populous of the 50 United States. [118] In response to Russia's recognition, the Georgian government severed diplomatic relations with Russia. The Georgia Board of Pharmacy will hold a public hearing on proposed amendments to the rules attached below at its meeting on Wednesday, November 16, 2022 at 9:00 AM at the Department of Community Health at 2 Peachtree Street NW, 6th Floor, Atlanta, GA 30303. [12][13] It is a developing country with a very high Human Development Index. Despite the Soviet takeover, Zhordania was recognized as the legitimate head of the Georgian Government by France, UK, Belgium, and Poland through the 1930s. [278], The population of Georgia totalled 3,688,647 as of 2022,[279][c] a decrease from a figure of 3,713,804 of the previous census in October 2014. Rustavi International Motorpark originally built in 1978 was re-opened in 2012 after total reconstruction[352] costing $20million. [168] Since 2014, GeorgiaNATO relations are guided by the Substantial NATOGeorgia Package (SNGP), which includes the NATOGeorgia Joint Training and Evaluation Centre and facilitation of multi-national and regional military drills. See what steps you need to take. [280][c] The population declined by 40,000 in 2021, a reversal of the trend towards stabilisation of the last decade and, for the first time since independence, the population was recorded to be below 3.7 million. The proto-Georgian tribes first appear in written history in the 12th century BC. [104] According to Georgian intelligence,[105] and several Russian media reports, parts of the regular (non-peacekeeping) Russian Army had already moved to South Ossetian territory through the Roki Tunnel before the Georgian military action. One explanation put forward by UNFPA is that families of emigrants continued to list them in 2002 as residents for fear of losing certain rights or benefits. Moscow's campaign to 'coerce Georgia to peace', "The Conflict Between Russia and Georgia", "Saakashvili Appeals for Peace in Televised Address", "The Goals Behind Moscow's Proxy Offensive in South Ossetia", "A Two-Sided Descent into Full-Scale War", "The Russian-Georgian War was Preplanned in Moscow", "Georgia Offers Fresh Evidence on War's Start", "Russian Federation: Legal Aspects of War in Georgia", "Abkhaz separatists strike disputed Georgia gorge", "I got my children out minutes before the bombs fell", "Russia opens new front, drives deeper into Georgia", "Amnesty International Satellite Images Reveal Damage to South Ossetian Villages After", "Rights Groups Say South Ossetian Militias Burning Georgian Villages", "Statement by President of Russia Dmitry Medvedev", "Russia hands over control of Georgian buffer zones to EU", "Resolution of the Parliament of Georgia on the Occupation of the Georgian Territories by the Russian Federation", "Abkhazia, S.Ossetia Formally Declared Occupied Territory", "Russian exiles get a chilly reception in Georgia VoxEurop", Georgia elects Salome Zurabishvili as first woman president, "Georgia opens new parliament in Kutaisi, far from the capital", "With loss of parliament, Georgia's second city prepares for a downgrade", "Freedom in the World 2021 Country profile Georgia", "Saakashvili Concedes Defeat in Parliamentary Election", "Georgian tycoon Ivanishvili confirmed as prime minister", "Georgia: Conflict Rather than Cohabitation", "Georgia's Historic Transition Faces Crucial Tests In 2013", "Georgia PM ally Giorgi Margvelashvili 'wins presidency', "Irakli Garibashvili Named as Georgia's Next Prime Minister", "Did Georgia's 'Informal Leader' Pressure Prime Minister To Resign? Prominent features of the area include the Javakheti Volcanic Plateau, lakes, including Tabatskuri and Paravani, as well as mineral water and hot springs. It was one of the first countries in the world to legalize cannabis, becoming the only former-socialist state to do so. As in the western parts of the nation, elevation plays an important role in eastern Georgia where climatic conditions above 1,500 metres (4,921ft) are considerably colder than in the low-lying areas. The incorporation of the Golden Fleece into the myth may have derived from the local practice of using fleeces to sift gold dust from rivers. Out of the deciduous species of trees, beech, oak, and hornbeam dominate. [52] Tamar was given the title "king of kings" (mepe mepeta). In the early 4th century, ethnic Georgians officially adopted Christianity, which contributed to the spiritual and political unification of the early Georgian states. [225], Because of its high landscape diversity and low latitude, Georgia is home to about 5,601 species of animals, including 648 species of vertebrates (more than 1% of the species found worldwide) and many of these species are endemics. The Kartli line prevailed; in 888 Adarnase IV of Iberia (r. 888923) restored the indigenous royal authority dormant since 580. Salome Zurabishvili is the current President of Georgia after winning 59.52% of the vote in the 2018 Georgian presidential election. [225], Much of the natural habitat in the low-lying areas of western Georgia has disappeared during the past 100 years because of the agricultural development of the land and urbanization. [247], Since coming to power the Saakashvili administration accomplished a series of reforms aimed at improving tax collection. A University of Georgia football player and team staff member were killed in a car crash early Sunday morning after the team's national championship victory celebration. [238] Throughout Georgia's modern history agriculture and tourism have been principal economic sectors, because of the country's climate and topography. [200], Human rights in Georgia are guaranteed by the country's constitution. Georgia is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States, bordered to the north by Tennessee and North Carolina; to the northeast by South Carolina; to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean; to the south by Florida; and to the west by Alabama. [276], Like most native Caucasian peoples, the Georgians do not fit into any of the main ethnic categories of Europe or Asia. [230], Slightly more than 6,500 species of fungi, including lichen-forming species, have been recorded from Georgia,[231][232] but this number is far from complete. [225], The climate of Georgia is extremely diverse, considering the nation's small size. Also, the population registration system from birth to death was non-functional. This method of cultivation is called maglari. South Ossetia is officially known by Georgia as the Tskinvali region, as it views "South Ossetia" as implying political bonds with Russian North Ossetia. The executive branch of power is made up of the Cabinet of Georgia. This came under criticism from human rights activists[209] and led to protests. Georgia (Georgian: , .mw-parser-output .noitalic{font-style:normal}romanized:Sakartvelo; IPA:[skrtvl] (listen)) is a transcontinental country at the intersection of Eastern Europe and Western Asia. [198] Since 2012 stagnation in corruption fighting efforts can be observed, according to Transparency International. Among other things a flat income tax was introduced in 2004. [294][c], In the early 1990s, following the dissolution of the Soviet Union, violent separatist conflicts broke out in the autonomous region of Abkhazia and Tskhinvali Region. [267], Today transport in Georgia is provided by rail, road, ferry, and air. [75] In 1920 Soviet Russia recognized Georgia's independence with the Treaty of Moscow. In 19181919, Georgian general Giorgi Mazniashvili led an attack against the White Army led by Moiseev and Denikin in order to claim the Black Sea coastline from Tuapse to Sochi and Adler for the independent Georgia. [131] The transition was set to start with the October 2012 parliamentary elections and to be completed with the 2013 presidential elections. [98] Abkhaz forces opened a second front on 9 August by attacking the Kodori Gorge held by Georgia. Margvelashvili succeeded president Mikheil Saakashvili, who had served the maximum of two terms since coming to power after the bloodless 2003 "Rose Revolution". Georgia is a state in the Southeastern region of the United States. [61] Despite a punitive campaign subsequently launched against Qajar Iran in 1796, this period culminated in the 1801 Russian violation of the Treaty of Georgievsk and annexation of eastern Georgia, followed by the abolition of the royal Bagrationi dynasty, as well as the autocephaly of the Georgian Orthodox Church. Gold, silver, copper and iron have been mined in the Caucasus Mountains. Notice of Intent to Amend Rule 480-10-.01. Officially autonomous within Georgia,[215] the de facto independent region of Abkhazia declared independence in 1999. [353], Basketball was always one of the notable sports in Georgia, and Georgia had a few very famous Soviet Union national team members, such as Otar Korkia, Mikheil Korkia, Zurab Sakandelidze and Levan Moseshvili. [48][49], David suppressed dissent of feudal lords and centralized the power in his hands to effectively deal with foreign threats. In the original grant, a narrow strip of the province extended to the Pacific Ocean.. [202], The government came under criticism for its alleged use of excessive force on 26 May 2011 when it dispersed protesters led by Nino Burjanadze, among others, with tear gas and rubber bullets after they refused to clear Rustaveli Avenue for an independence day parade despite the expiration of their demonstration permit and despite being offered to choose an alternative venue. In August 2004, the Individual Partnership Action Plan of Georgia was submitted officially to NATO. Around 23,000 Georgians fled South Ossetia as well. Georgian wine has been a contentious issue in recent relationships with Russia. Boeder; et al. This history which has shaped its cultural, religious, and political evolution translated into Georgians considering themselves a European nation. Two major rivers in Georgia are the Rioni and the Mtkvari. By 1994 the gross domestic product had shrunk to a quarter of that of 1989.[239]. [176] On 27 February 2017, the Council adopted a regulation on visa liberalization for Georgians travelling to the EU for a period of stay of 90 days in any 180-day period. [34], After the Roman Republic completed its brief conquest of what is now Georgia in 66 BC, the area became a primary objective of what would eventually turn out to be over 700 years of protracted Irano-Roman geo-political rivalry and warfare. [137] Ivanishvili has since been called the informal leader of Georgia, arranging political reappointments from behind the scenes. [86] The revolution was led by Mikheil Saakashvili, Zurab Zhvania and Nino Burjanadze, former members and leaders of Shevardnadze's ruling party. However, scholars agree that the word is derived from the Karts, the latter being one of the proto-Georgian tribes that emerged as a dominant group in ancient times. Georgia is bordered by Tennessee in the north, South Carolina and the Atlantic Ocean in the east, Florida in the south, and Alabama in the west. 'Kartvelians'), first attested in the Umm Leisun inscription found in the Old City of Jerusalem. [217] It was called South Ossetian Autonomous Oblast when Georgia was part of Soviet Union. [50], The 29-year reign of Tamar, the first female ruler of Georgia, is considered the most successful in Georgian history. On 9 April 1991, shortly before the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Supreme Council of Georgia declared independence after a referendum held on 31 March. [139] Most of Georgian Dream's coalition parties had left the coalition and landed outside of parliament. Start Your Business Motor Vehicles Titles & Registration MV-1 Title/Tag Application The country's Western orientation soon led to worsening relations with Russia, which culminated in the Russo-Georgian War of 2008; Russia has since been occupying a portion of Georgia. [314], The education system of Georgia has undergone sweeping, though controversial, modernisation since 2004. University of Georgia Athletics has shared links on its social media for people wishing to support the families. They are collectively known as the Georgian Defense Forces (GDF). [59], In 1783, Russia and the eastern Georgian Kingdom of Kartli-Kakheti signed the Treaty of Georgievsk, by which Georgia abjured any dependence on Persia or another power, and made the kingdom a protectorate of Russia, which guaranteed Georgia's territorial integrity and the continuation of its reigning Bagrationi dynasty in return for prerogatives in the conduct of Georgian foreign affairs. The tree line generally ends at around 1,800 metres (5,906ft) and the alpine zone takes over, which in most areas, extends up to an elevation of 3,000 metres (9,843ft) above sea level. It was a British colony, so the government of England sent soldiers to protect it from other countries. [281][e] Most of them were deported during World War II.[284]. Main exports are ores, ferro-alloys, vehicles, wines, mineral waters and fertilizers. [citation needed], "Republic of Georgia" redirects here. [167], In 2011, the North Atlantic Council designated Georgia as an "aspirant country". As with all other post-Soviet states, Georgia faced a severe economic collapse. Local, state, and federal government websites often end in .gov. [307][308] The Church gained autocephaly during the early Middle Ages; it was abolished during the Russian domination of the country, restored in 1917 and fully recognized by the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople in 1989. The mission and functions of the GDF are based on the Constitution of Georgia, Georgia's Law on Defense and National Military Strategy, and international agreements to which Georgia is signatory. S. Neil MacFarlane, Centre for International Relations, Queen's University, 1997, "Georgia/Abchasia: Violations of the laws of war and Russia's role in the conflict", "Russia The IngushOssetian conflict in the Prigorodnyi region", "EurasiaNet Eurasia Insight Georgia's Rose Revolution: Momentum and Consolidation", "Russia Hands Over Batumi Military Base to Georgia", Russia's retention of Gudauta base An unfulfilled CFE treaty commitment, "Countdown in the Caucasus: Seven days that brought Russia and Georgia to war", "Georgia calls on EU for independent inquiry into war", "Russia resurgent? Despite the revitalization of the Iberian monarchy, remaining Georgian lands were divided among rival authorities, with Tbilisi remaining in Arab hands. [148] Garibashvili, who had an earlier term as prime minister in 201315, is known as a political hardliner. CABI, 2008. [67], In May 1801, under the oversight of General Carl Heinrich von Knorring, Imperial Russia transferred power in eastern Georgia to the government headed by General Ivan Petrovich Lazarev. Georgia, Georgian Sakartvelo, country of Transcaucasia located at the eastern end of the Black Sea on the southern flanks of the main crest of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. Its the Georgia you go out and live. [265] According to the government, there are 103 resorts in different climatic zones in Georgia. [120] Since the war, Georgia has maintained that Abkhazia and South Ossetia are occupied Georgian territories. Before sharing sensitive or personal information, make sure youre on an official state website. Or, in front of a mural in Atlanta, or a bowl of shrimp and grits in Savannah. Georgia currently has four international airports, the largest of which is by far Tbilisi International Airport, hub for Georgian Airways, which offers connections to many large European cities. [225] The wettest periods generally occur during spring and autumn, while winter and summer months tend to be the driest. Georgia (country) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to content Search Create account Create account Log in Pages for logged out editors learn more Talk Contributions Getting around Main page Simple start Simple talk New changes Show any page Help Contact us Give to Wikipedia About Wikipedia Tools What links here Related changes The country covers an area of 69,700 square kilometres (26,900sqmi), and has a population of 3.7 million people. [245] Of factors contributing to HDI, education had the most positive influence[246] as Georgia ranks in the top quintile in terms of education. Since 2004 the Georgian Railways have been undergoing a rolling programme of fleet-renewal and managerial restructuring which is aimed at making the service provided more efficient and comfortable for passengers. The United States established diplomatic relations with Georgia in 1992 following Georgias 1991 independence from the Soviet Union. The present day Georgian or Kartvelian nation is thought to have resulted from the fusion of aboriginal, autochthonous inhabitants with immigrants who moved into South Caucasus from the direction of Anatolia in remote antiquity. [55] The Mongols were expelled by George V of Georgia (r. 12991302), son of Demetrius II of Georgia (r. 12701289), who was named "Brilliant" for his role in restoring the country's previous strength and Christian culture. NGO "Tolerance", in its alternative report about its implementation, speaks of a rapid decrease in the number of Azerbaijani schools and cases of appointing headmasters to Azerbaijani schools who do not speak the Azerbaijani language. Combined population of urban (23,433 in 1922) and rural (2,326 in 1917) communities. [266] Other tourist attractions are Cave City, Ananuri Castle/Church, Sighnaghi and Mount Kazbek. Philology, typology and language structure. [317][319] As of 2016[update], 75 higher education institutions are accredited by the Ministry of Education and Science of Georgia. Locate Northern Tool + Equipment retail stores in Georgia with helpful information including store address, open hours, driving directions + more so you can find the portable generators, pressure washers, air compressors and power tools that will help you complete any do-it-yourself project. ATLANTA (AP) Georgia Gov. [108] Tskhinvali was seized by the Russian military by 10 August. [115][116], President of France Nicolas Sarkozy negotiated a ceasefire agreement on 12 August 2008.
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