Red Biotechnology(Biopharma) relates to medicine and veterinary products. [135] The 50 ED95 buses had a cost of R$ 20 million (US$12.3 million) and due to the higher cost of the ED95 fuel and the lower energy content of ethanol as compared to diesel, one of the firms participating in the cooperation agreement, Rasen (a joint venture between Royal Dutch Shell and Cosan), supplies the fuel to the municipality at 70% of the market price of regular diesel. [156][157], Swedish carmakers have developed ethanol-only capable engines for the new Saab Aero X BioPower 100 Concept E100, with a V6 engine which is fuelled entirely by E100 bioethanol,[158][159] and the limited edition of the Koenigsegg CCXR, a version of the CCX converted to use E85 or E100, as well as standard 98-octane gasoline, and currently the fastest and most powerful flex-fuel vehicle with its twin-supercharged V8 producing 1018hp when running on biofuel, as compared to 806hp on 91-octane unleaded gasoline. The rising and falling of the waves moves the buoy-like structure creating mechanical energy which is converted into electricity and transmitted to shore over a submerged transmission line. Small scale hydro or micro-hydro power has been an increasingly popular alternative energy source, especially in remote areas where other power sources are not viable. Products & Systems. [115], For temperatures below 15C (5F), all E85 flex vehicles require an engine block heater to avoid cold starting problems. The documentary was featured at the Sundance, San Francisco, Tribeca, Los Angeles, Berlin, Deauville, and Wild and Scenic Environmental film festivals and was released in theaters worldwide in June 2006. He repeats GM's claims that, "despite the substantial investment of money and the enthusiastic fervor of a relatively small number of EV1 driversincluding the filmmakerthe EV1 proved far from a viable commercial success.". "[10], Michael Rechtshaffen of The Hollywood Reporter noted Alan Lloyd's conflict of interest in the film. This is due to several reasons. While residential water use only accounts for about one tenth of the total water consumption, every little bit helps and if everyone were to be conscientious about their water usage, the amount of water saved would be substantial. If youre curious about my background and how I came to do what I do, you can visit my about page. This is generally the highest ratio of ethanol to gasoline that is possible to use in vehicles recommended by some auto manufacturers to run on E10 in the US. [72] As of June2013[update], there are about 24 fueling stations selling E15 out of 180,000 stations across the U.S.[73], In December 2010, several groups, including the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers, the American Petroleum Institute, the Association of International Automobile Manufacturers, the National Marine Manufacturers Association, the Outdoor Power Equipment Institute, and the Grocery Manufacturers Association, filed suit against the EPA in the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit. Chile is considering the introduction of E5, and Panama, Bolivia and Venezuela of E10. Mobil and other oil companies are also shown to be advertising directly against electric cars in national publications, even when electric cars seem to have little to do with their core business. Farming and raising livestock account for 75 percent of water consumption today. The film deals with the history of the electric car, its modern development, and commercialization. Forever! As of October 2010, nearly 3,000 E85 fuel pumps were in Europe, led by Sweden with 1,699 filling stations. It is also applied to the use of wound dressings coated with Chitosan, which is a sugar that is typically obtained from shrimp and crab shells. With this initiative, it makes production quite easier as goats are much easier to handle compared to spiders, and the creation of silk via milk also helps make the processing and handling much convenient compared to handling the actual silk strands. Historically, tide mills have been used, both in Europe and on the Atlantic coast of the USA. The agency cited problems with increasing the blend of ethanol above 10%. After a premiere at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival, it was released theatrically by Sony Pictures Classics on June 28, 2006. Did you know? Articles may contain affiliate links which enable us to share in the revenue of any purchases made. An example is the development of an anti-lymphoma vaccine using genetically engineered tobacco plants made to exhibit RNA (a similar chemical to DNA) from malignant (actively cancerous) B-cells. In 1916, he recounted an experiment he had done in 1896. My family immigrated to the USA in the late 60s. [88], E20 contains 20% ethanol and 80% gasoline, while E25 contains 25% ethanol. [87], The level of blending above 10% (V/V) is chosen both from a technical (safety) perspective and to distinguish the product in Europe from regular unleaded petrol for reasons of taxes and customer clarity. 2012;31(2):71-8. doi:10.1080/07315724.2012.10720011, Dennis EA, Dengo AL, Comber DL, et al. However, the carmaker warned that for model year 2011 or earlier vehicles, they "strongly recommend that GM customers refer to their owners manuals for the proper fuel designation for their vehicles." Jeff Steele, Kathy Weiss, Natalie Artin and Alex Gibney were also part of the producing team. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a fossil fuel substitute for gasoline, diesel, or propane fuel. In March 2009, however, outgoing CEO of GM Rick Wagoner said the biggest mistake he ever made as chief executive was killing the EV1 car and failing to direct more resources to electrics and hybrids after such an early lead in this technology. [98] Flex-fuel vehicles, which can run on any type of gasoline E20-E25 up to 100% hydrous ethanol (E100 or hydrated ethanol) ratios,[99] were first available in mid-2003. At age 13 Will Smith was already 6 2 tall. Once started, the engine is then switched back to ethanol. [124] A study conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy concluded that every service station in America could be converted to handle E85 at a cost of $3.4 billion to $10.1 billion. Although wind produces only about 1.5% of worldwide electricity use, it is growing rapidly, having doubled in the three years between 2005 and 2008. In response to high fuel prices and environmental concerns, CNG is starting to be used also in light-duty passenger vehicles and pickup trucks, medium-duty delivery trucks, transit and school buses, and trains. The observations are in line with the fact that hydrous ethanol is known for being less corrosive than anhydrous ethanol. U.S. Department of Agriculture. [81], In November 2013, the Environmental Protection Agency opened for public comment its proposal to reduce the amount of ethanol required in the U.S. gasoline supply as mandated by the Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007. Who Killed the Electric Car? Let's start with the number one interesting fact about Chile: it is an astronomer's paradise! Registration on or use of this site constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Service. Canadian industry has developed CNG-fueled truck and bus engines, CNG-fueled transit buses, and light trucks and taxis. Blue Biotechnologyis based on the use of marine resources to create products and applications in the potentially huge range of sectors to benefit from the use of this kind of biotechnology. These blends have been widely used in Brazil since the late 1970s. In 2007, 14% of the worlds electricity came from nuclear power, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for 56.5% of nuclear generated electricity. Hydrous ethanol or E100 is used in Brazilian neat ethanol vehicles and flex-fuel light vehicles and hydrous E15 called hE15 for modern petrol cars in the Netherlands.[2]. Although not yet widely used, tidal power has potential for future electricity generation. ': Some Big Reasons the Electric Car Can't Cross the Road", "Baby You Can Still Drive My Electric Car", "Electric Vehicle Future of Automobile Industry", PBS interview with director Chris Paine, including video, Hydrogen internal combustion engine vehicle, Conflict of interest in the healthcare industry, Sponsorship of continuing medical education, R v Bow Street Metropolitan Stipendiary Magistrate, ex parte Pinochet (No 2), Conflicts of interest on Wikipedia (category), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Who_Killed_the_Electric_Car%3F&oldid=1110121497, Documentary films about the automotive industry, Documentary films about environmental issues, Short description is different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 13 September 2022, at 18:06. Many petrol stations throughout Australia sell E10, typically at a few cents cheaper per litre than regular unleaded. The attenuated disease pathogens are extracted using biotechnological techniques such as growing the antigenic proteins in genetically engineered crops. Find science articles and current events from PopSci. A winter blend of E70 is mandated in some regions in the US,[110][114] while Sweden mandates E75. The aluminum alcoholate/alkoxide does not make a tight oxide layer, which is why the corrosion continues. The maximum water concentration according to the ANP specification is 4.9 vol.% (approximately 6.1 weight%) [143] The E nomenclature is not adopted in Brazil, but hydrated ethanol can be tagged as E100, meaning it does not have any gasoline, because the water content is not an additive, but rather a residue from the distillation process. Consumers can help lower the overall amount of water used in farming by incorporating more vegetarian meals into their diet and encouraging others to do the same. This limit, known as the "blend wall," refers to the practical difficulty in incorporating increasing amounts of ethanol into the transportation fuel supply at volumes exceeding those achieved by the sale of nearly all gasoline as E10. 1. [104] By mid-2010, 161 fueling stations were selling E20, and sales have risen 80% since April 2009. The film was written and directed by Chris Paine, and produced by Jessie Deeter, and executive produced by Tavin Marin Titus, Richard D. Titus of Plinyminor and Dean Devlin, Kearie Peak, Mark Roskin, and Rachel Olshan of Electric Entertainment. E10 was introduced nationwide in Thailand in 2007, and replaced 91 octane pure gasoline in that country in 2013. [2][130][131] A total of 127 ED95 buses operated in Stockholm, five buses operated in Madrid, three in La Spezia, and one in Brazil. The Thai government is promoting ethanol usage through subsidies, as ethanol costs four baht (about 12 US cents) a litre more than gasoline.[105]. CARB had previously defended the regulation for more than 12 years. [61][62] This preliminary report found none of the vehicles displayed a malfunction indicator light as a result of the ethanol blend used; no fuel filter plugging symptoms were observed; no cold start problems were observed at 24C (75F) and 10C (50F) laboratory conditions; and as expected, computer technology available in newer model vehicles adapts to the higher octane causing lower emissions with greater horsepower and in some cases greater fuel economy. Actual blend is 7.8% ethanol (E8) and mandatory only in certain regions. Im an entrepreneur, writer, radio host and an optimist dedicated to helping others to find their passion on their path in life. In this context, biomass refers to plant matter grown to generate electricity or produce for example trash such as dead trees and branches, yard clippings and wood chips biofuel, and it also includes plant or animal matter used for production of fibers, chemicals or heat. In some of the cases, the practice involves scientists identifying a Natural gas vehicles are increasingly used in Europe and South America due to rising gasoline prices. is a 2006 American documentary film directed by Chris Paine that explores the creation, limited commercialization and subsequent destruction of the battery electric vehicle in the United States, specifically the General Motors EV1 of the mid-1990s. It does not behave exactly like electricity, however, which has contributed to the scientific communitys misunderstanding of it. One of the earliest wireless telephones to be based on radiant energy was invented by Nikola Tesla. This can be performed on a small scale to provide heat for a residential unit (a geothermal heat pump), or on a very large scale for energy production through a geothermal power plant. [59][60] This is due to ethanol's hydrophilia and solvent power. Who Killed the Electric Car? This produces a reduction in long term radioactivity within the remaining waste, since this is largely short-lived fission products, and reduces its volume by over 90%. The NTA 8115 is written for a worldwide application in trading and fuel blending. In 1996 a Los Angeles newspaper reported that 'the air board grew doubtful about the willingness of consumers to accept the cars, which carry steep price tags and have a limited travel range.' In 2009, the United Nations estimated that 2 percent of water used for irrigation was used on biofuel crops. [78] Despite the controversy, in order to adjust to EPA regulations, 2012 and 2013 model year vehicles manufactured by General Motors can use fuel containing up to 15 percent ethanol, as indicated in the vehicle owners' manuals. A patented discovery reveals hydrous ethanol can be effectively used in most ethanol/gasoline blending applications. Strides have been made in the development of antibiotics that combat pathogens for humans. E85 is commonly used in the U.S. and Europe for flexible-fuel vehicles. [131][132][133][134] The Brazilian trial project ran for three years and performance and emissions were monitored by the National Reference Center on Biomass (CENBIO- Portuguese: Centro Nacional de Referncia em Biomassa) at the Universidade de So Paulo. (Reasons to do so). The azeotrope is the highest concentration of ethanol that can be achieved by simple fractional distillation. in the production of biofuel, biopesticides and so on. 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