They would babysit so I could get out occasionally." Young mother Aretha Franklin in a record label photo in 1971. Family members of Aretha Franklin embrace after sharing stories of the late singer's life at her funeral service at the Greater Grace Temple on August 31, 2018, in Detroit, Michigan (Getty Images) Gracie Franklin . In May 1967 she fell off stage in Columbus, Georgia, and broke her arm, with Ruth claiming it was because she was drunk. Jordan, who is 26 years old, is Cunningham's oldest. Here, hes portrayed by Richardson, who fans will recognize from True Blood, The Newsroom, and Dear White People. The second, Edward, was named after his father, a local friend. A few years after Aretha's parents split, her mother Barbara passed away when she was just 10 years old. Grace performed at a benefit marking the first anniversary of Aretha's death. We may earn commission on some of the items you choose to buy. Required fields are marked *. To read more about Aretha Franklin's grandchildren and to hear why they feel so differently about Aretha and Genius, read on. GHOUL! . Ray Charles Spilled The Beans About Aretha's Dad. From an early age she harboured ambitions to become a famous pop singer, and leaving grandmother Rachel and sister Erma to take charge of her children she dropped out of school to pursue her goal. This website is not owned by or affiliated with The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (sometimes called the Mormon or LDS Church). Her father, C.L. Biography. He remained in a coma for five years before eventually dying in July 1984. xhr.open('POST', 'https://www.google-analytics.com/collect', true); Her father, who went by the nickname, "C. L.", was an itinerant preacher originally from Shelby, Mississippi, while her mother was an accomplished piano player and vocalist. By 19, Aretha married her manager, Ted White Snr, who allegedly introduced the singer to weed and alcohol. visual effects executive producer: The Molecule. ", Ahead of its theatrical release, Aretha's family were treated to a private screening of the film. "But Aretha shes always clung to this fairy-tale story line. Several women, including Arethas grandmother, Rachel, and the famed gospel singer, Mahalia Jackson, took turns helping with the children at the Franklin home. Still haven't landed your dream job? Partner(s) Willie Walker (ex-husband) Henry Franklin (husband) Relatives. Weve updated the security on the site. Aretha's family spoke out against the National Geographic miniseries. GREAT NEWS! Before the year was out, Franklin scored her first top 40 single with her rendition of the standard, "Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody", which also included the R&B hit, "Operation Heartbreak", on its b-side. I thought you might like to see a memorial for Rachell Big Mama Pittman Franklin I found on Findagrave.com. However, I dismissed it as a cheap shot for controversy. rcel.id = 'rc_' + Math.floor(Math.random() * 1000); A couple of years later another tragedy hit when Aretha's mother was pronounced dead from a heart attack. She never married again - perhaps no man was a match for her. In a TikTok video, she said: Its hard to get any accurate depiction of anyones life without speaking to the ones closest to them. Her oldest son, Clarence, was named after her father, C.L. Those are the moments that her grandchildren are holding on to as well. Lenny Kravitz, https://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=4400, Arethas maternal grandfather was Samuel Siggers, this could be him on Census: https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:M9X8-N89, Arethas parents: http://i59.tinypic.com/2a4vns4.jpg. Gracie Franklin was also present at the funeral of her grandmother Aretha Franklin and according to the website Distractify, she . All Aretha Franklin's family is asking is for a little respect from the makers of "Genius: Aretha," National Geographic's recently released biographical series . The "Queen of Soul" was surrounded by family and friends as she passed quietly. She dropped out of school, leaving her grandmother Rachel and sister Erma to raise her children and set off at 16 on a civil rights tour with Dr King. Elijah was a preacher, and was the son of Maa Pittman and Betty. Aretha Franklin may be remembered as the "The Queen of Soul," but she's also a legend in the pop, jazz, and R&B genres. and was introduced to adulthood early, perhaps unsurprisingly given his controversial lifestyle. How blessed we were to hear the best that God had to offer in her voice. In fact, her third live album was a full two-album set of gospel songs that she grew up with. She's already pursuing a career in music, and she's in good companyAretha also started performing when she was a teen. Soul singer Aretha Franklin is being sued over claims she owes $11,500 in unpaid fees for a condo in suburban Detroit. She was inducted to the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. These signs are known to go with the flow, no matter the scenario. document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', function() { In 1960, at the age of 18, she embarked on a secular career, recording for Columbia Records but only achieving modest success. Something went wrong, please try again later. With global sales of over 75 million records, Franklin is one of the world's best-selling music artists. As a child, she sang gospel at the Detroit, Michigan church of her pastor father; with his encouragement, she pursued a career as a professional singer, signing with Columbia Records . Hair. } else { Here, get to know the characters and the actors who portray them. Among the mysteries of Aretha Franklin 's life and her preference for "extreme privacy," her role as a mother was one the superstar typically kept private. Rachel was born in Mississippi. The Queen of Soul, who died . Make sure that the file is a photo. Add to your scrapbook. While Franklin was pursuing her career and "hanging out with [friends]", Franklin's grandmother Rachel and sister Erma took turns raising the children. . She's the the Queen of Soul, known around the world for her powerful voice and iconic hits. Clara was born in Mississippi. Thanks for your help! Franklin's third child, Ted White Jr., was born in February 1964 and is known professionally as Teddy Richards. His name is an acronym of both his father and mothers full names Ken E. Cunningham (the stars road manager) and Aretha Louise Franklin. Failed to delete memorial. Franklin's father's emotionally driven sermons resulted in his being known as the man with the "million-dollar voice" and earning thousands of dollars for sermons in various churches across the country. Clara Ward served as a role model to the young Aretha. Login to find your connection. 4 Rebecca Naomi Jones as Carolyn Franklin. Still relatively a child herself, Aretha handed over a lot of the childcare responsibility for her sons to her grandmother Rachel and older sister Erma while she pursued her music career. The series chronicles Aretha's rise from the teenage daughter of pious preacher to soul superstar, through her stormy lovelife and brush with alcoholism. Stephenville, Sunflower County, Mississippi, USA. Here, he plays C.L. Gender. While she was a successful singer and songwriter on her own, Carolyn Franklin might still be best known for her collaborationsas both a writer and a backup singerwith her sister Aretha. Save to an Ancestry Tree, a virtual cemetery, your clipboard for pasting or Print. Christopher Cheng. Her fantasy is that they would all disappear and she and she alone would be the only singer. Advertisement. Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942 - died August 16, 2018) was an American singer, songwriter, actress, pianist, and civil rights activist. Although known for her soul recordings and referred to as The Queen of Soul, Franklin is also adept at . The singer, who passed away today lived a turbulent and dramatic life before her death at 76. Donkey of the day award goes to Santa Monica Observed Got her birthday AND date of death wrong!!! At the age of 16, Aretha went on tour with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. On 9 April 1968, at the age of 26, she sang at the funeral of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in Atlanta, Georgia. Others - Willie Walker (Paternal Grandfather), Rachel Walker (ne Pittman) (Paternal Grandmother), Samuel Siggers (Maternal Grandfather), Clara Bell Lowe (Maternal Grandmother), Vaughn Franklin (Older Step-Brother) (Died in 2002), Carol Ellan Kelley (ne Jennings) (Step-Sister) Manager. Aretha's paternal grandmother was Rachel Pittman (the daughter of Elijah J. Pittman and Willie Ann Marshall). She had a tough childhood, David Ritz, who wrote multiple biographies on Franklins life told PEOPLE before her death. Christian Minister, Civil Rights Activist. With her parents divorcing during her formative years and her mother dying when she was just 10, Aretha was close to her father C.L. Arethas maternal grandmother was named Clara Bell Lowe (the daughter of Robert Earnest Lowe and Josephine). Aretha Louise Franklin (/ri/ -REE-th; March 25, 1942 - August 16, 2018) was an American singer, songwriter and pianist. Try again later. Several women, including Franklin's grandmother Rachel, and Mahalia Jackson took turns helping with the children at the Franklin home. Franklin, who was a pastor. Over 20 years ago, Aretha had to settle out of court after she was sued by the Saks Fifth Avenue department store over $262,851 in credit card bills. The singer's third brother Teddy Richards was born to his mother and her husband Theodore Ted White in February 1964. Aug 19, 2020 08:30 A.M. Aretha Franklin's granddaughter, Victorie happens to be her grandma's lookalike. Eyes. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent the position of the Church. Resend Activation Email, Please check the I'm not a robot checkbox, If you want to be a Photo Volunteer you must enter a ZIP Code or select your location on the map. But my grandmother helped me a lot, and my sister and my cousin. Sister of Robert Pittman and Carrie Crawford, Brenda Bryant Corbett, Aretha Franklin's first cousin on her father's side, whom was raised by her Uncle "C" after her mom died (C.L.' https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aretha_Franklin. . During this time, Aretha learned how to play piano by ear. My prayers go out for Atetha she sick with terminal Cancer dying but not Dead yes ppl online should Get the story correct again So everyone can truth not false things that put out online by ppl again please say truth not lies?Again my prayers are going out for Aretha very sad how media gets things blown out of proportion again get facts rights you guys ok thank you. Franklin's parents had a troubled marriage due to stories of C. L. Franklin's philandering and in 1948, they separated, with Barbara relocating back to Buffalo with her son, Vaughn, from a previous relationship.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'smobserved_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_3',119,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-smobserved_com-medrectangle-4-0');if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[250,250],'smobserved_com-medrectangle-4','ezslot_4',119,'0','1'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-smobserved_com-medrectangle-4-0_1'); .medrectangle-4-multi-119{border:none !important;display:block !important;float:none !important;line-height:0px;margin-bottom:15px !important;margin-left:auto !important;margin-right:auto !important;margin-top:15px !important;max-width:100% !important;min-height:250px;min-width:250px;padding:0;text-align:center !important;}, Aretha Louise Franklin began her career as a child singing gospel at New Bethel Baptist Church in Detroit, where her father, C. L. Franklin, was minister. She was scared of rocking the boat, until one day the boat capsized and she nearly drowned.". "Looking out on the morning rain I used to feel so uninspired And when I knew I had to face another day Lord, it made me feel so tired Before the day I met you, life was so unkind But you're the key to my peace of mind." Gladys Knight-McDowell, the Empress of Soul, wrote a note to Aretha in which she said: Well, my sister our Father in Heaven has called you home, but we are so very grateful to him for blessing you with such an awesome gift to share with us. Mother of Rev. If you have any concerns about the accuracy of our content, please reach out to our editors by e-mailing While she was a successful singer and songwriter on her own, Carolyn Franklin might still be best known for her collaborationsas both a writer and a . Also during that period, Franklin appeared on rock and roll shows such as Hollywood A Go-Go and Shindig!. Motherhood did not curtail Arethas burgeoning musical ambition. Twenty-two-year-old Victorie has inherited her grandmother's talent and is starting her own singing career. The late Aretha Franklin's 15-year-old granddaughter, Grace Franklin, auditioned for "American Idol" during its fifth season premiere Sunday night. She shared throwback snaps of herself that showed the striking resemblance between both women. There was an error deleting this problem. How many children did Aretha Franklin have? On January 24th . She put out a picture of her having a happy home and happy children and everything was rosy, and any stories to the contrary really got her mad, ghostwriter Ritz previously told PEOPLE. Oops, some error occurred while uploading your photo(s). Aretha Franklin, known as the Queen of Soul, was an American singer, songwriter, pianist, and actress. grip Julian Wellbery . Now, I'm back to my natural size and thrilled about it. one of the most celebrated singers in the world, Your Privacy Choices: Opt Out of Sale/Targeted Ads. ). scientific studies and medical journals. At the time of her death, she was 76 years old. He helped her sign her first recording deal with J.V.B. lamp operator: New York James Wall . Meanwhile, plagued by cripplingly low self-esteem, her insecurity prompted Aretha's jealously of other female singers, including Roberta Flack, Barbra Streisand, Gladys Knight, Dionne Warwick, Diana Ross and Natalie Cole. All Rights Reserved. C.L. He also said that, the last time he spoke with her before she died, Aretha was "really optimistic and talking about the movie. Quickly see who the memorial is for and when they lived and died and where they are buried. She echoed a message from her dad, Aretha's son Kecalf, who told Rolling Stone last year that when lawyers reached out in 2020 they were told it was "too late". Yet once more despite a seemingly glamorous life on the surface it seems Aretha could still not find the domestic happiness she longed for and the marriage was over within six years. After Aretha's death, she posted a video of Aretha sitting at the piano, filmed that past March. Franklin is listed in at least two all-time lists on Rolling Stone magazine, including the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time; and the 100 Greatest Singers of All Time. It was around this time she was introduced to singer Sam Cooke, who later told Ritz that he had enjoyed more than her legendary voice when she joined him for a night in an Atlanta motel room. Aretha's unique voice also became the sound of America's civil rights movement in the 1950s and 60s. The kids . In 1957, Franklin welcomed her second child, Edward, who turns 61 this month. . This cover of Simon & Garfunkel's "Brid. C.L. After her father was shot in 1979, Franklin left Atlantic and signed with Arista Records, finding success with her part in the film The Blues Brothers and with the albums Jump to It and Who's Zoomin' Who?. Genius: Aretha, an eight-episode miniseries about the late singer's personal life and career, premiered in March of this year. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. During her audition segment, the younger . She had a second son named Edward just two years later. ", Her sister Erma, who died in 2002, summarised: "Aretha's always had problems with her female contemporaries. Before her fifth birthday, C. L. Franklin permanently relocated the family to Detroit, Michigan where he took over the pastorship of New Bethel Baptist Church. "At some point she started seeing her love life like a soap opera. In August 2012, Franklin was inducted into the GMA Gospel Music Hall of Fame. Aretha had four children. Aretha gave birth just two months before her 13th birthday to a baby boy she named Clarence after her father and who was the first of two babies she would have before the age of fifteen. Here's why he thinks others should join him. This account has been disabled. Sources: Genealogies of Aretha Franklin http://www.geni.com rcel.async = true; Alongside Franklin, her parents had three other children, and both C. L. and Barbara also had children from outside their marriage. Professionally, things were good at Arista as she enjoyed a series of hits, including I Can't Turn You Loose, Jump To It, Who's Zoomin' Who? She passed away at her home in Detroit, Michigan, on Thursday morning, 16 August 2018, at the age of 76. IMPORTANT PRIVACY NOTICE & DISCLAIMER: YOU HAVE A RESPONSIBILITY TO USE CAUTION WHEN DISTRIBUTING PRIVATE INFORMATION. During this time, Aretha learned how to play piano by ear. By 1964, Franklin began recording more pop music, reaching the top ten on the R&B chart with the ballad, "Runnin' Out of Fools" in early 1965. Central Tower Building1424-4th Street, Suite 310Santa Monica, CA 90401[emailprotected], Powered by ROAR Online Publication Software from Lions Light Corporation His father The (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman singers childhood was marked by the separation of her mother Barbara and her father Clarence LaVaughn, whom she named her oldest son after, according to Respect, Ritzs book on Franklins life. Franklin, a minister and activist who was father to Aretha Franklin and her sisters and a powerful force in the singers life and career. This was evidenced in every song that she sang and played on the piano, both secular and religious. But my grandmother helped me a lot, and my sister and my cousin. rigging grip (as Paul D. Wells) Zach Williford . Adam Rathe is Town & Country's Deputy Features Director, covering arts and culture and a range of other subjects. Learn more about merges. Born Clarence LaVaughn Walker. Town & Country participates in various affiliate marketing programs, which means we may get paid commissions on editorially chosen products purchased through our links to retailer sites. Aretha Franklin has died of cancer in hospice at 76 years of age. On screen, shes played by Rebecca Naomi Jones, the Grammy-nominated actress who recently appeared in Oklahoma! } She had two R&B charted singles in 1965 and 1966 with the songs "One Step Ahead" and "Cry Like a Baby" while also reaching the Easy Listening charts with the ballads "You Made Me Love You" and "(No, No) I'm Losing You". Close this window, and upload the photo(s) again. The singer's legacy includes her family, as well. Through all her immense success and fame, Aretha Louise Franklin never forgot where she started from and would always return to her gospel roots even when performing for major world audiences and dignitaries. Aretha Louise Franklin was born March 25, 1942, in Memphis, Tenn., the second youngest of five children. ", Sadly it seems that is where her happiness was destined to stay: while on new Years Day 2012 Aretha announced that she had got engaged to longtime companion Willie Wilkerson veteran of two previous engagements - she called it off within a matter of weeks claiming things were "moving too fast.". Managed by: With her powerful voice and impressive vocal range, Rolling Stone magazine declared her the greatest singer of all time, with a career spanning seven decades. At 19 Aretha marriedlocal ladies' man called Ted White who promptly assigned himself as her manager and the couple had a child -another boy, Ted Jr. By then she was well on her way to international fame at the age of just 16she had already toured with Martin Luther King, Jr. and in 1968 sang at his funeral but while her reputation soared her home life quickly soured, her marriage mired in alcohol and acrimony. The new series Genius: Aretha, premiering March 21 on National Geographic (and with episodes airing the next day on Hulu), dives deep into the life and career of Aretha Franklin, one of the most celebrated singers in the world. Ten years ago, authorities threatened to foreclose on her Detroit mansion over a overdue tax bill, which the singer speedily resolved. All Rights Reserved. Thank you for your compassion and prayers. Celeb obsessed? A 2014 biography by David Ritz, named Respect, detailed Aretha's colourful childhood in Detroit. The tragic loss of her beloved father, alleged abuse at the hands of a . if( 'moc.enilnoefiltseb' !== location.hostname.split('').reverse().join('') ) { She was an excellent student who did well in all her classes.. Ted and the singer divorced in 1969 after reports of domestic abuse surfaced, and a 1968 Time article described how White roughed her up more than once. In a statement National Geographic said they acknowledge the family's concern adding: "We think we have a shared goal here to honour and celebrate the life and legacy of Aretha Franklin.". She was having all those hits and making all that money. Arethas maternal grandfather was Semial/Samuel Siggers (the son of Lorenzo/Lorenzy R. Georgie Siggers and Evaline Byrd). she did such a great job playing my grandma, I hope all of you enjoy. Although she was well known for her achieved commercial acclaim and success after signing with Atlantic Records and releasing songs such as Respect, Chain of Fools, Think, (You Make Me Feel Like) A Natural Woman, Dont Play That Song (You Lied), and Spanish Harlem, Aretha Franklins true musical roots were found in gospel music. In an interview for the biography, "Respect: The Life Of Aretha Franklin," Ray Charles chopped it up with the book's author, David Ritz, about his days hanging out with his friend, C.L. And as the world lost an icon . Have you taken a DNA test? Twenty-two-year-old Victorie has inherited her grandmother's talent and is starting her own singing career. by Keith L. Brown | Aug 19, 2018 | Music News | 0 comments. Franklin would visit them often. Which memorial do you think is a duplicate of Rachell Franklin (210180040)? This means that we may include adverts from us and third parties based on our knowledge of you. Continuing with this request will add an alert to the cemetery page and any new volunteers will have the opportunity to fulfill your request. Aretha Louise Franklin was born March 25, 1942, in Memphis, Tennessee, the daughter of Barbara and Clarence LaVaughn Franklin. LIAR! https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/210180040/rachell-franklin. Between 1955 and 1970, Aretha Franklin had four kids. Compact Family Tree Packed with eight generations up to 254 ancestors along with birth and death . You are only allowed to leave one flower per day for any given memorial. RELATED VIDEO: Beyonc and JAY-Z Dedicate Their Concert to Aretha Franklin: We Love You, We were part of that generation of young female singers who definitely sacrificed time with our kids to attend to our careers. cemeteries found within kilometers of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. Please complete the captcha to let us know you are a real person. Hudson even traveled to Detroit to watch it with them and to spend some time with Aretha's living relatives. https://www.wikitree.com, Genealogy of Aretha Franklin (focusing on her fathers side) http://www.wargs.com, Arethas maternal grandfather, Semial/Samuel Siggers, on the 1900 U.S. Census https://www.familysearch.org. Relationships. While living with Ken, she allegedly enjoyed an affair with The Temptations frontman Dennis Edwards, who later accused the legend of "treating her boyfriends like her servants". Franklin attended Northern High School[14] but later dropped out during her sophomore year. His popularity led to his home being visited by various celebrities. L. Franklin. A film documenting the making of the album was set to be released in 1972 but was shelved by Warner Bros. Amazing Grace was remastered and re-released in 1999 as a two-compact disc set with many unreleased takes. Aretha Franklin (1942-2018) was a multi-award winning American singer, songwriter and pianist. Your email address will not be published. She uses her voice to keep her grandmother's legacy alive, as well. Grace posted a video to TikTok with her parents, siblings, and friends protesting the project and chanting, "This movie has to go!" After duetting with Whitney Houston on It Isnt, It Wasnt, It Aint Never Gonna Be in 1989, Aretha declared: "Whitney lacked (my) wisdom and maturity as a recording artist.". The Queen of Soul is gone too soon, but the legacy of music that she leaves behind both secular and religious will live on for generations to come. Use Next and Previous buttons to navigate, or jump to a slide with the slide dots. "She was my partner in doing this," producer Harvey Mason Jr. told the outlet about the film. xhr.setRequestHeader('Content-Type', 'text/plain;charset=UTF-8'); Sorry! Are you sure that you want to delete this memorial? We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. It wasn't long before Aretha suffered further heartbreak when her beloved father C.L was shot twice at his Detroit home in 1979. Learn how your comment data is processed. var rcel = document.createElement("script"); For the official Church websites, please visit churchofjesuschrist.org or comeuntochrist.org. Mother of Clarence LaVaughn (Walker) Franklin, Louise Walker and Aretha Franklin. Just one grandparent can lead you to many However, it was argued that Franklin's potential was neglected at the label. var rcds = document.getElementById("rcjsload_b42b6d"); Oops, we were unable to send the email. Her parents separated in 1948, and Arethas mother died of a heart attack on 7 March 1952, before Arethas tenth birthday. Their relationship isnt always easy, but some of the series best scenes come from watching Vance and Erivo play out the Franklin family dynamics. cemeteries found within miles of your location will be saved to your photo volunteer list. But Aretha Franklin who died of pancreatic cancer on Tuesday, Aug. 16 at the age of 76 never had an easy road. While she's yet to release anything officially, Victorie shares snippets of music she's been writing and covers of songs . On Instagram last week, Grace shared a video of herself singing for the movie's star. Aretha's journey to motherhood wasn't always easy, and Oprah Daily reports that several Aretha Franklin biographies confirm her first child was born in 1995, just before she turned 13. You may not upload any more photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 20 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 5 photos to this memorial, This photo was not uploaded because this memorial already has 30 photos, This photo was not uploaded because you have already uploaded 15 photos to this memorial. C.L. And for more entertainment and celebrity news sent right to your inbox, sign up for our daily newsletter. Makes me unspeakably sad. Granddaughter Grace Franklin has claimed the family reached out to makers of the eight part series, which aired on National Geographic in the US, but to no avail. There was a problem getting your location. Care of her two eldest children fell heavily to Big Mama, Franklins grandmother, according to the 2015 biography of Franklins life. Franklin appeared as a contestant in front of judges Katy Perry, Lionel Richie, and Luke Bryan. ', Jennifer Hudson Sparkles in a Purple Dolce & Gabbana Gown with Matching Veil at 'Respect' Premiere, Stevie Wonder Says Aretha Franklin 'Wasn't Able to Speak' When He Visited Her Before Her Death, Aretha Franklin's Youngest Son Criticizes Upcoming Biopic 'Respect' Starring Jennifer Hudson. Learn about how to make the most of a memorial. Kecalf was born on March 28, 1970, in the United States to Aretha Franklin and Ken Cunning. National Geographic's scripted "Genius: Aretha" debuted Sunday, but the family of Aretha Franklin was quick to say they didn't approve of the work even before the eight-part series started . Genius: Aretha also marks the first time the series, now in its third season, has featured an American, a Black person and a woman. By the end of the 1960s she had gained the title "The Queen of Soul".
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